Education
‹ 9 · Outline
10.Education and the state, the sexes and the classes
10a.State provision, compulsion and control of education
See also: State 3b
Plato, CritoVol. 2
- p. 38–39The laws prescribed his nurture and training in music and gymnastic, which grounds his obligation to them.read · scan
- p. 39–40The laws are authors of his education, one ground of obligation.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 192He founded an annual fund for educating young men of good family but scanty means, and argues education needs appeal to the emotions.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 194Utopians learn in their own tongue, all taught in childhood, and the apt are freed from labor for study, with spare hours devoted to learning.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 333–334Young people are left unsupervised, though their care should be the chief duty of Pope, bishops and lords.read · scan
Ben Jonson, On BaconVol. 27
- p. 57A wise patriot should care for the commonwealth of learning; schools are seminaries of State and advancement of letters worthy of statesmen.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 133Public and charitable support for educating churchmen crowds the church and lowers their reward despite long costly education.read · scan
- p. 452–453Public institutions for education of youth and instruction of people of all ages are announced.read · scan
- p. 466Education and religious instruction might be paid for by those receiving them or by voluntary contribution.read · scan
William Ellery Channing, On the Elevation of the Laboring ClassesVol. 28
- p. 365–366Praises Boston's primary and public school system and a plan to teach agriculture and mechanic arts together.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 353–356Borromeo's open library, with pen, ink and paper for readers, contrasts with closed libraries; praised as a lover of mankind's improvement despite general contempt for study.read · scan
Thomas Carlyle, Sir Walter ScottVol. 25
- p. 410Knox sent the schoolmaster to all corners: 'Let the people be taught.'read · scan
Thomas Babington Macaulay, MachiavelliVol. 27
- p. 369Florentine schools taught about 10,000 children to read, with hundreds in arithmetic and learned education.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 413–414Nobles' education shifted from soldierly prowess to civil training; exemptions for young patricians are mistaken and make fools.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 113–114Urges state provision for education maintaining a higher standard than the market demands from average parents.read · scan
- p. 120–122Roebuck originated the parliamentary movement for National Education.read · scan
- p. 157–159Extra votes given to superior education, which would require a systematic National Education to define grades of acquirement.read · scan
- p. 189He would grant plural votes only to education, not property, and only under universal suffrage.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 204Children and the young must be protected against their own actions.read · scan
- p. 298–301The State should require and compel education of every child to a standard; parents have a sacred duty to educate.read · scan
- p. 301–302The State should compel education of every child but not direct it; State-controlled education moulds people alike and establishes despotism over the mind.read · scan
- p. 302–303Proposes compulsory public examinations of children, with State aid to poor pupils, enforcing a minimum of knowledge without State-directed schooling.read · scan
- p. 303–305Certificates of professional acquirements should be given to all who pass, conferring no advantage beyond public opinion; governments must not exclude teachers.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 148–149Inhabitants demand little education of representatives: ability to sign one's name is deemed sufficient.read · scan
- p. 162–163Credits regard paid to the means of education in Spanish South America.read · scan
William Makepeace Thackeray, Jonathan SwiftVol. 28
- p. 20Swift approves the Lilliputian practice of removing children from parents to be educated by the State.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 131–132Proposes national libraries, galleries and museums with a chosen series of the best books open to all.read · scan
10b.The education of women
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 258The wife was trained by her aunt's hands and instruction in all that is pure and virtuous.read · scan
- p. 273She respected her tutors and teachers and was an eager reader.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 139–140Zubeydeh remarks that the care bestowed on the damsel's education was not in vain.read · scan
- p. 194–195Her price reflects teachers and learning in writing, grammar, Koran interpretation, law, medicine and music.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 90–91More brought his daughters up in virtue and learning, telling them to take these for meat and play for sauce.read · scan
Daniel Defoe, The Education of WomenVol. 27
- p. 148–149Defoe condemns denying women learning as barbarous; educated, they would be less foolish, and the soul must be polished like a diamond.read · scan
- p. 149Proposes women be taught music, dancing, languages, history and conversation, cultivating understanding and judgment; differences among women come from breeding.read · scan
- p. 150–151Shows how lack of breeding corrupts a woman's temper and wit, while education makes her a peerless companion; difference between people lies in education.read · scan
- p. 151An anecdote of a cloistered heiress ashamed of her ignorance shows the loss from women's lack of education; she needed school more than marriage.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 93Recommends teaching young women accounts rather than music or dancing, to protect them in widowhood.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 316–318Franziska was taken to the manor young and learnt everything her lady learnt.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 110She is well read in all knowledge proper to her sex, knowing how far a woman's learning graces her.read · scan
- p. 134–135Miss Sallow sneered at for having no education, her parents being a milliner and a sugar-baker.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 255–256The Princess was educated in a holy temple, learning every royal virtue.read · scan
William Makepeace Thackeray, Jonathan SwiftVol. 28
- p. 14Swift teaches little Hester Johnson to read and write, and she reveres him.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 136–137Noble education should confirm kingly power over self and others; asks how it should fit women for their duty.read · scan
- p. 146Turns to what education fits woman for her office, beginning with physical training for health and beauty.read · scan
- p. 148A girl's education should form body, then mind, giving knowledge for feeling and judging, sympathy and accurate thought, not as pride or dictionary learning.read · scan
- p. 150Girls should study the same subjects as boys but directed differently: hers general and for helpful use, his foundational; earlier serious, less frivolous reading.read · scan
- p. 151–152Girls should be let loose in an old classical library to choose their own reading; books chosen for good, not freedom from evil.read · scan
- p. 152Girls' education should be as serious as boys', appealing to virtue, courage and truth, not treated as ornament.read · scan
- p. 153–154Girls need noble teachers given the authority and respect boys' masters get; governesses are wrongly slighted.read · scan
10c.Education of the poor, laborers, slaves and natives
See also: Religion 14a
John Eliot, Eliot's Brief NarrativeVol. 43
- p. 138Indians asked for a teacher; Leveridge then Bourne taught them, succeeding in the work.read · scan
- p. 140Eliot sets up schools, teaches Indians the art of teaching and the liberal arts so they can train their own teachers.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 101Orphan House planned so destitute children might be supported and educated.read · scan
- p. 113Building is ceded to the academy, with a free school for poor children.read · scan
Samuel Johnson, Preface to ShakespeareVol. 39
- p. 224–225Shakespeare's England was emerging from barbarity; classical learning was confined to scholars and high rank, and literacy was valued for rarity.read · scan
- p. 225–226Unlearned public, plebeian learning devoted to adventures; lack of enlightenment shapes literary taste.read · scan
Thomas Gray, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 443–445Knowledge never unrolled her page to them, so talents went unused, like flowers blushing unseen.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 208–209Urges teaching slaves to read Scripture; ministers urged to attend to their education.read · scan
- p. 212Proposal for meetings to instruct slaves as fellow-creatures capable of religious understanding.read · scan
- p. 303–304Many poor children are not even taught to read.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 209–210Labourer's education and habits leave him unfit to judge public matters even if informed.read · scan
William Ellery Channing, On the Elevation of the Laboring ClassesVol. 28
- p. 309A library association furnishes intellectual improvement, self-respect and moral safety to apprentices.read · scan
- p. 327Spreading intelligence and natural science among workmen is urged.read · scan
- p. 328–329The laborer should be liberally educated for the growth of his mind, not only for bodily subsistence.read · scan
- p. 330The aim is to enrich the laborer's mind with great ideas, not encyclopedic learning.read · scan
- p. 350–351Elevation of the laborer's mind and character tends to remove the evils used against it.read · scan
- p. 352–353Cheap works instructing people about the human body are a remedy for imprudence.read · scan
- p. 357Popular literature and lectures on trades' history give laborers means of knowledge and elevation.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 351He taught the ignorant and neglected the doctrines of Christianity while a student at Pavia.read · scan
- p. 437Renzo's illiteracy limits him; writing is a rare skill needing a trustworthy scribe.read · scan
- p. 438The unlettered depend on the literate, who impose their own way on those who know less.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 329–330The old lady has Karen taught to read and to sew.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 298Restraint on the laboring classes is defended as moral education for freedom, yet without real efficacy in a free country.read · scan
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1302–1303Father Felician, priest and teacher, taught the children letters from the same book with church hymns.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 211Fitz Roy took Fuegians to England to educate them and instruct them in religion, then return them home.read · scan
- p. 429Missionary instruction in crafts and habits is called the enchanter's wand changing the natives.read · scan
Abraham Lincoln, Proclamation of AmnestyVol. 43
- p. 418Provision for education of the freed people is contemplated.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 145Dana teaches Hope letters and numbers and explains pictures; the Islanders are quick to catch on.read · scan
- p. 357Sailors are to be instructed in useful knowledge as part of improving their condition.read · scan
- p. 372Such a captain instructs sailors in reading, writing, arithmetic and navigation, and shapes the characters of boys.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 122–123The poor are left so untaught and foolish that they starve like dumb brutes, not knowing what to ask.read · scan
- p. 130Proposes training peasants in book exercise rather than bayonet exercise.read · scan
- p. 155A report on a Welsh school shows children ignorant of Christ, God and arithmetic, minds perfect blanks.read · scan
10d.Self-education and autodidacts
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 59–60He read the book unaided while tutors struggled to explain it, drawing in sand.read · scan
- p. 60He mastered the liberal arts unaided and could explain them to others, yet it profited him nothing without piety.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 179Those with aptitude are freed for learning, but returned to trades if they disappoint; diligent craftsmen may rise to the learned class, from which rulers are chosen.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 21Cellini studies antiquities diligently in his free hours and progresses under his master.read · scan
John Dryden, Dedication of the AeneisVol. 13
- p. 51–53The proverb that he who teaches himself has a fool for his master argues for following a great model.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 13–14Franklin's self-education through omnivorous reading and borrowed books, with regret at the lack of more proper books.read · scan
- p. 15–16Debate on educating women, then self-teaching exercises in writing and method of arranging thoughts.read · scan
- p. 17Self-taught, he masters arithmetic, navigation and geometry and reads Locke, using saved money and spare hours for books.read · scan
- p. 32–33Collins's mathematical genius and learning are respected, and the governor discusses books with Franklin.read · scan
- p. 42–43Franklin educates himself by borrowing books from Wilcox's second-hand shop and conversing with learned acquaintances.read · scan
- p. 54Franklin's mind improved by reading makes his conversation more valued than his master's.read · scan
- p. 69Vaughan says Franklin's life and Art of Virtue give a model of self-education, while schools proceed on false principles.read · scan
- p. 75The library repaired his lost learned education through daily study; he has a young family to educate.read · scan
Samuel Johnson, Preface to ShakespeareVol. 39
- p. 243Readers learn best by finding for themselves; some initiation is needed for the candidate of criticism.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 174–175Schooled well enough for a planter and improved himself in winter evenings.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Letter to a Noble LordVol. 24
- p. 395His long self-discipline in studying laws and interests of the country.read · scan
Robert Southey, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 734He seeks instruction with humble mind from the wise dead through books.read · scan
William Ellery Channing, On the Elevation of the Laboring ClassesVol. 28
- p. 334–335Prepare for great ideas through faithful self-culture and patient reflection, not passive waiting.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 115–116Don Abbondio's modest reading, borrowed books and a panegyric of San Carlo; he cannot place Carneades despite some learning.read · scan
- p. 390The tailor, who has read the legends, passes for learned and says he mistook his vocation.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-RelianceVol. 5
- p. 60A time in every man's education brings the conviction that he must trust himself.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 75Editorial labor was self-improvement, imprinting knowledge more thoroughly than reading.read · scan
John Greenleaf Whittier, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1355–1356Boy's knowledge of woods and creatures is 'never learned of schools'; nature teaches better than books and tasks.read · scan
William Makepeace Thackeray, Jonathan SwiftVol. 28
- p. 11–12At Temple's house Swift devoured books and learned politics and polite life during his ten years' apprenticeship.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 80Practical use taught him more than months of study; self-teaching by necessity.read · scan
- p. 143–144Tom Davis's education equals most Yankees' and could have taught him navigation and sciences.read · scan
- p. 172–173Narrator fills leisure with reading, writing and studying, and trains the puppy by feeding and disciplining him.read · scan
‹ 9 · Outline