Man
‹ 7 · Outline · 9 ›
8.Man as a social and political animal
8a.Kinship of all men and the duties of common humanity
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 145Shared human nature and the common vital air are the ground of his plea to former enemies.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 445Peter raises Cornelius from worship, saying 'I myself also am a man'.read · scan
- p. 453Apostles refuse divine honors, insisting they are men of like passions with the crowd.read · scan
- p. 461–462All nations descend from one and are God's offspring, made to seek him.read · scan
Epictetus, The Golden Sayings of EpictetusVol. 2
- p. 136Man is a part of a city, of gods and men and of the universe, so must accept sickness or early death.read · scan
- p. 162The world is one city; men are bound by kinship to each other and to God as Father, so no man is an orphan.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 199All men are akin, sharing intelligence and a portion of the divinity.read · scan
- p. 202–203Things from men should be dear because of kinship.read · scan
- p. 206Every rational animal is kin; caring for all men accords with man's nature.read · scan
- p. 211Rational animals exist for one another; endure the badness of men.read · scan
- p. 228Man is nearest to me since I must do good to men and endure them, though obstructive men are indifferent.read · scan
- p. 244All rational beings share one reason and are members of one system, made for cooperation; loving men follows from seeing oneself as a member.read · scan
- p. 246Loving those who do wrong is peculiar to man.read · scan
- p. 257–258Man's proper work: benevolence to his kind, despising sense movements, just judgment of appearances, surveying nature.read · scan
- p. 263–264Men exist for one another; teach them or bear with them.read · scan
- p. 286–287Men are by nature kinsmen and friends; to be alienated from or vexed at others is a desertion of one's post.read · scan
- p. 288As a human being placed at a post for the common advantage, man acts according to his nature in harmony with the universe, benevolent even to enemies.read · scan
- p. 299Kinship of all men rests on shared intelligence.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 162–163Men as partners in mortality and fellow-pilgrims on the way.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 220No one is sufficient or wise enough of himself, so we must bear one another's burdens.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of MacbethVol. 46
- p. 378–381Macduff says he must feel grief as a man, as well as dispute it like a man.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 103–104Children should not lose sight of common human nature amid differences of outward condition.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 396Those without compassion are not half of kin to the human race and lack nature.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 203Africans are human creatures whose souls are as precious as ours.read · scan
Oliver Goldsmith, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 520–521These little things are great to little man; wiser is he who exults in the good of all mankind.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 248–250Man's unkindness to brother man exceeds the tempest's rage; humans treat the rustic as a coarser creature.read · scan
- p. 307–309Keep the name of Man in mind and dishonour not thy kind.read · scan
- p. 511–514Hope that Man to Man the world o'er shall be brothers; honest worth is true rank.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 486Tell grants help because however black the crime, the murderer is a man like himself.read · scan
William Wordsworth, Prefaces to Various Volumes of PoemsVol. 39
- p. 279Poet writes for a human being as a Man, not as a specialist like lawyer or astronomer.read · scan
William Wordsworth, Essay Supplementary to PrefaceVol. 39
- p. 331Poet should show what all men share rather than their differences, humanizing readers.read · scan
William Wordsworth, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 635He hears the still, sad music of humanity, which chastens and subdues.read · scan
Leigh Hunt, On the Realities of ImaginationVol. 27
- p. 291True humanity's great object is to enrich everybody; pain and pleasure are joined in true humanity.read · scan
George Long, The Philosophy of AntoninusVol. 2
- p. 337–338All men are kin through shared intelligence and divinity.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, FriendshipVol. 5
- p. 105The commended stranger stands for humanity, and we rise above ourselves in talk with him.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, PoliticsVol. 5
- p. 247Every man's nature advertises the character of his fellows; my right and wrong are theirs.read · scan
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, What Is a Classic?Vol. 32
- p. 130Taste should be the home of all noble human beings so as not to divide the human race.read · scan
James Russell Lowell, Abraham LincolnVol. 28
- p. 449Honest manliness persuades; common manhood lost a kinsman.read · scan
James Russell Lowell, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1370–1371Mankind is one in spirit; gain or loss of one race touches all.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 179–180Intellect alone cannot grasp daily occupations of mankind; we must sympathize with human relations.read · scan
Robert Louis Stevenson, Samuel PepysVol. 28
- p. 294–295Pepys as a sterling humanist interested in the worth, mirth and manners of all his fellow-creatures.read · scan
8b.Man made for society, solitude as stunting
See also: Friendship 1c
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 61Men cannot withdraw to live with beasts; human beings must associate with fellow men.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, On FriendshipVol. 9
- p. 37–38Man is by nature social: no one can endure solitude, even a misanthrope; nature abhors isolation and leans on a friend for support.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 217Man is a reasonable, social animal whose soul is one with that of other rational beings.read · scan
- p. 223Man is a social animal who perceives his social action.read · scan
- p. 230Man is the rational and social animal, and his choice follows that nature.read · scan
- p. 234The wisest values man's rational, social nature above all else.read · scan
- p. 240Man's nature is rational and social; what is useful accords with one's constitution.read · scan
- p. 254–255Man's nature is a rational, social part of a universal intelligent and just nature, unlike the leaf's part in a plant lacking reason.read · scan
- p. 255–256Human nature is to perform social acts; sleep is shared with irrational animals, while each creature's own nature is what is peculiarly its own.read · scan
- p. 259Man is by nature a part of the universal and social whole.read · scan
- p. 267Men cannot escape union with each other; nature is too strong, and no man is wholly separated.read · scan
- p. 274–275Man is a rational animal and consequently a political or social animal.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 65–66One unfit for friendship takes his nature from the beast, not from humanity; delight in solitude is savage unless for higher converse.read · scan
Alexander Pope, Solitude; On a Certain Lady at Court; Essay on ManVol. 40
- p. 415Human weakness and wants bind men together; one man's weakness grows the strength of all.read · scan
- p. 428–430Man is like a vine that lives by support and gains strength by the embrace he gives; the soul has self-regarding and social motions.read · scan
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingVol. 37
- p. 291Man is reasonable, sociable and active; nature prescribes a mixed life balancing science, company and business.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 273–274Man is by nature a social being, with innate sentiments toward his fellow creatures.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 76Despite talk of human levity and inconstancy, experience shows a man is the most difficult luggage to transport.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and BeautifulVol. 24
- p. 39Man is made for both contemplation and action; a life of solitude contradicts the purposes of his being.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 233Man's nature is to be perfected by virtue, which requires civil society.read · scan
William Cowper, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 535–537Man is made for society; solitude, though he is lord of all, is horrible.read · scan
Thomas Carlyle, CharacteristicsVol. 25
- p. 327Man becomes what he can be only in society; the solitary man is stunted and half alive.read · scan
George Long, The Philosophy of AntoninusVol. 2
- p. 334Man's constitution fits him for uses, and society is his natural state.read · scan
John Henry Newman, The Idea of a UniversityVol. 28
- p. 57Nature impels us to lean on others, honoring virtue, genius or name; a living man influences others.read · scan
Giuseppe Mazzini, Byron and GoetheVol. 32
- p. 382–383They lack any conception of Humanity, the continuity of labor among generations and common aim, and so their solitary individuality fails.read · scan
- p. 391–392Byron represents isolated man's internal aspect, Goethe his external; neither is complete.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 190–191The isolated, austere mind finds its strength in itself and solitude.read · scan
8c.Man naturally solitary and unsociable before society
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 376–377Timon the misanthrope hates mankind, shunning all company and cursing everyone even in his epitaph.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 387Men are by nature roughly equal in body and mind; the weakest can kill the strongest.read · scan
- p. 388–389Human nature holds three causes of quarrel: competition, diffidence and glory.read · scan
- p. 389Life in such a condition is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among MankindVol. 34
- p. 166Natural man was misdescribed by writers who described citizens when speaking of savages.read · scan
- p. 168Considers natural man stripped of supernatural gifts and artificial faculties: an animal well organized, whose wants are simply supplied.read · scan
- p. 173–174Savage man is a self-preserving animal with a life of little thought and unmatched bodily powers.read · scan
- p. 177–178Savage man, with moderate wants, lacks foresight and curiosity and lives entirely in the present.read · scan
- p. 185Nature made men little sociable; savage man was not miserable, and civil life produces more complaint and despair.read · scan
- p. 185–186Instinct sufficed in nature; cultivated reason barely suffices for society.read · scan
- p. 193–194Portrays savage man as solitary, speechless, of few passions and self-sufficient, with little understanding or vanity.read · scan
- p. 198–199Infant man, at first an animal of pure sensation, is driven by difficulty to develop bodily powers and ingenuity.read · scan
- p. 200Man's growing insight gives him superiority over animals and first pride, leading him to claim rank among his own kind.read · scan
Lord Byron, ManfredVol. 18
- p. 422–423He felt estranged from men, sharing none of their ambitions, joys or sympathies.read · scan
Matthew Arnold, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1126–1128Mortals live isolated like islands in the sea of life, estranged.read · scan
8d.The fragmentation and degradation of man by civilization
See also: Nature 7a
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among MankindVol. 34
- p. 172–173Sociable man grows weak, fearful and mean-spirited, differing from savage man more than beast from beast.read · scan
- p. 194Human inequality is increased by institutions over natural inequality.read · scan
- p. 205Rousseau treats the early stage of society as the best epoch for man, and later improvements as decline of the species.read · scan
- p. 208–209Faculties developed; natural inequality unfolds with circumstances, corrupting man.read · scan
- p. 226Savage and civilised man differ in inclinations and passions; society yields artificial men and factitious passions with no foundation in nature.read · scan
- p. 226Contrasts natural man with social man; society and inequality transform natural inclinations, so the present condition is not man's original state.read · scan
Friedrich von Schiller, Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManVol. 32
- p. 218Human degeneracy appears in the savage madman and the debased man of culture, the dignity of human nature lost.read · scan
- p. 220Greeks united form and substance, philosophy and creation, tenderness and energy in a glorious humanity.read · scan
- p. 220–221Greeks embodied whole human nature in each individual and their gods; moderns develop only fragments of their faculties, in stunted growth.read · scan
- p. 221–222The inner union of human nature was broken by culture; man never develops the harmony of his being.read · scan
William Wordsworth, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 641–643Lament over 'what Man has made of Man' against Nature's harmony with the human soul.read · scan
- p. 643–645Refrain laments what man has made of man, set against nature's holy plan of pleasure.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, The American ScholarVol. 5
- p. 5The fable that the gods divided Man into men so he might be more helpful to himself, like fingers of a hand.read · scan
- p. 6One Man is present only partially in each individual; society divides functions so men become fragments, and the scholar is Man Thinking.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 364Man in England submits to being a product of political economy, made like a Birmingham button.read · scan
- p. 399Machines unman their users; man degenerates into a specialist, and only capable individuals survive industrial change.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1257Man is pictured as an orphaned, enfeebled exile from the wilderness, failing to be nature's fit tenantread · scan
Henry David Thoreau, WalkingVol. 28
- p. 411–412Man's health and thought require wild surroundings; civilization oppresses, while the desert improves morale.read · scan
‹ 7 · Outline · 9 ›