Index
¶513Abbott, Mr., on spiders, 44.Aborigines banished from Van Diemen'sLand, 450.of Australia, 438-9.Abrolhos, 24.Absence of trees in Pampas, 54.Aconcagua, volcano of, 257, 295.Actinia, stinging species, 468.Africa, Southern part desert, yet supportslarge animals, 92.Agouti, habits of, 75.Ague, common in Peru, 369.Albemarle Island, 380.Allan, Dr., on Diodon, 24., on Holuthuriae, 468.Alluvium, saliferous, in Peru, 367.stratified, in Andes, 319.Amblyrhynchus, 389-90, 399.Anas, species of, 204.Animalcule, see Infusoria.Antarctic islands, 253.Antipodes, 421.Ants at Keeling Island, 460.in Brazil, 43.Apires, or miners, 344-5.Aplysia, 16.Apple-trees, 301—2.Aptenodytes demersa, 204.Areas of alternate movements in the Pacific and Indian oceans, 484.Armadilloes, habits of, 102-103., fossil animal allied to, 135, 160.Arrow-heads, ancient, 360.Ascension, 494.Aspalax, blindness of, 59.Athene, 76, 130-131.Atolls, 469.Attagis, 101.Atwater, Mr., on the prairies, 124.Audubon, M., on smelling-power of carrion hawks, 189.Australia, 437.Australian barrier, 476.Azara on spiders, 44.on rain in La Plata, 55.on range of carrion-hawks, 66.on habits of carrion-hawks, 64.Azara on a thunder-storm, 69.on ostrich-eggs, 98.-on bows and arrows, in .on new plants springing up, 124.——-on great droughts, 137-138.on hydrophobia, 357.
¶Bachman, Mr., on carrion-hawks, 190.Bahia Blanca, 81-207.Bahia, Brazil, 21., scenery of, 498.Balbi on coral reefs, 474.Bald Head, Australia, 433.Ballenar, Chile, 352.Banda Oriental, 147.Banks's Hill, 215.Barking-bird, 292.Basaltic platform of Santa Cruz, 185.Bathurst, Australia, 446.Bats, vampire, 31.Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 421.Beads', hill of, 154.Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, 222.Beech-trees, 240, 285.Beetles in brackish water, 31.on a fungus, 39.alive in sea, 163.at St. Julian, 175., dung-feeders, 493.Behring's Straits, fossils of, 137.Bell of Quillota, 259.Benchuca, 333.Berkeley Sound, 193., Rev. J., on Conferva:, 24., on Cyttaria, 241.Bibron, M., 386, 399.Bien-te-veo, 62.Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago, 382-3. 399-400-, tameness of, 403.Birgos latro, 466.Bizcacha, habits of, 76, 129.Blackwall, Mr., on Spiders, 166.Blindness of tucutuco, 59.Body, frozen, 95, 253.Bolabola, 472, 477.Bolas, manner of using, 52, 117.[514]514Bombs, volcanic, 496.Bones, fossil, 87, 132, 134-135, 159-160,177-, recent in Pampas, 139.of the guanaco collected in certainspots, 172., fire made of, 199.Bory St. Vincent on frogs, 386.Boulders, 191, 252.Bramador, El, 365.Brazil, great area of granite, 22.Breaches in coral reefs, 480.Breakwater of sea-weed, 244.Brewster, Sir D., on a calcareous deposit,20.Bridge of hide, 267.of Incas, 338, 360.Buckland, Dr., on fossils, 137.Buenos Ayres, 126.Buffon on American animals, 178.Bug of Pampas, 333.Buildings, Indian, 360, 372.Bulimus on desert places, 351.Burchell, Mr., on food of quadrupeds, 94., on ostrich eggs, 98., on perforated stones, 272.Butterflies, flocks of, 163.Butterfly producing clicking sound, 42.Button, Jemmy, 212.Byron's account of fox of Falklands, 198.Byron on an Indian killing his child, 221.
¶Cacti, 170, 378.Cactornis, 383, 399.Calcareous casts of branches and roots oftrees at King George's Sound, 454.Calosoma on wing out at sea, 163.incrustations on rocks of Ascension,20.Callao, 368.Calodera, 130.Calomys bizcacha, 129.Camarhynchus, 383, 399.Camelidse, fossil animal allied to, 177.Canis antarcticus, 198.fulvipes, 284.Capybara, or carpincho, 57, 291.fossil allied to, 89.Cape Horn, 216.of Good Hope, 92.Caracara, or Carrancha, 63.Cardoon, bids of, 125, 153.Carmichael, Capt., 405.Carrion-hawks, 63, 126, 189.Casarita, 101-102.Castro, Chiloe, 281, 298.Casts of trees, 453.Casuchas, 338.Cathartes, 66, 189, 288.Cats run wild, 126, 495.good to eat, 122.scratch trees, 140.cruelty to mice, 203.Cattle, effects of their grazing on thevegetation, 124.killed by great droughts, 137-138,
151.
¶• know each other, 150., curious breed of, 150., waste of, 154.• -wild at the Falkland Islands, 195,
196.
¶Cauquenes, hot springs of, 267.Causes of extinction of species amongmammalia, 178-179.of discoloured sea, 25.Cavia Patagonica, 75.Cervus campestris, 56.Ceryle Americana, 143.Chacao, Chiloe, 278-279.Chagos, atolls, 482.Chalk-like mud, 468.Chamisso on drifted seeds and trees, 459,
465.
¶on coral reefs, 470-471.Changes in vegetation of Pampas, 124.of St. Helena, 492.Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago,
379-
¶Cheese, salt required for, 73.Cheucau, 282, 292.Chile, 257, 341., features of country, 259.Chiloe, 278.•, forests of, and climate, 248—249., roads of, 278, 296., inhabitants of, 277, 281-282.Chionis, 101.Chonos, Archipelago, 285., climate of, 248., ornithology of, 292.Chupat, Rio, 113.Cladonia, 367.Clearness of atmosphere within Andes, inChile, 261.Climate of Tierra del Fuego and FalklandIslands, 247.Antarctic Islands, 253.Galapagos, 376, 381..change of, in Chile, 361.[515]Clouds of vapour after rain, 33.on Corcovado, 37.hanging low, 370-371.hanging low at sea, 406.Coleoptera in Tropics, 42—43.out at sea, 164.of St. Julian, 175.Colias edusa, flocks of, 163.Colnett, Capt., on spawn in sea, 26., on a marine lizard, 390., on transport of seeds, 397.Colonia del Sacramiento, 149.Colorado, Rio, 78.Compound animals, 205-206.Concepcion, Chile, 306.Condor, habits of, 187, 190, 274.Conferva, pelagic, 24.Conglomerate on the Ventana, 115.in Cordillera, 323, 324.Conurus, 143.Convicts of Mauritius, 487., condition of, in New South Wales,448-449.Cook, Capt., on Kelp, 243-244.Copiapo, river and valley of, 354., town of, 358.Coquimbo, 347—348.Coral formations, 406, 456-486., stinging species of, 468., dead, 465, 482-483.Corallines, 206.Corcovado, clouds on, 37-38.volcano, 295.Cordillera, appearance of, 262, 279-280,323..passage of, 319., structure of valleys, 320., rivers of, 320..geology of, 323-324. 335-, winds and storms of, 327, 364., different productions on east andwest side, 330.Cormorant catching fish, 203.Corral, where animals are slaughtered atBuenos Ayres, 127.Coseguina, eruption of, 295.Countries, unhealthy, 369.Couthouy, Mr., on coral-reefs, 478.Crabs, hermit species of, 461.at Keeling Island, 466-467.at St. Paul's, 20.Craters, number of, at the GalapagosArchipelago, 376.of elevation, 487.Crisia, 205.515Cruelty to animals, 159.Crustacea, pelagic, 166.Ctenomys Brasiliensis, 58., fossil species of, 89.Cucao, Chiloe, 298.Cuckoo-like habits of Molothrus, 60.Cuentas, Sierra de, 154.Cumbre of Cordillera, 339.Cuming, Mr., on shells, 395-6, 492.Cuttle-fish, habits of, 16-17.Cuvier on Diodon, 23.Cynara, 125.Cyttaria Darwinii, 241.
¶Dacelo Iagoensis, 12.Dasypus, three species of, 102.Deer, 56, 138.Degradation of tertiary formations, 347—348. .Deinornis, 431.Deserts, 352, 367.Desmodus, 31.Despoblado, valley of, 359.Dieffenbach on Auckland Island, 249,
439-
¶Diodon, habits of, 23.Discoloured sea, 24.Diseases from miasma, 369, 439-440.Distribution of mammalia in America,135-136.of animals on opposite sides of Cordilleras, 330-331.of frogs, 386.• -of fauna of Galapagos, 398.Dobrizhoffer on ostriches, 100.on a hail-storm, 121.Dock, imported, 431.Dogs, shepherd, 154-155.D'Orbigny, Travels in South America, 85,100, 126, 135, 154, 172.Doris, eggs of, 205.Doubleday, Mr., on a noise made by thebutterfly, 42.Drigg, lightning tubes at, 67.Droughts, great, in Pampas, 137-138.Dryness of St. Jago, 14.• of winds in Tierra del Fuego, 236.of air in Cordillera, 329.Du Bois, 386, 405.Dung-feeding beetles, 493.Dust falling from atmosphere, 14-15.
¶Earthenware fossil, 374.Earthquake, accompanied by an elevationof the coast, 314.[516]5 i 6Earthquake accompanied by rain, 356.at Callao, 372.at Concepcion, 306.at Coquimbo, 346.at Keeling and Vanikoro, and Society Islands, 479.at Valdivia, 305., causes of, 315-316., effect of, on bottom of sea, 310., effects of, on rocks, 261-262, 305., effects of, on sea, 306., effects of, on a river-bed, 362., line of vibration, 310.on S. A. coast, 250.——•, tossing fragments from the ground,203., twisting movement of, 311, 312.Eggs of Doris, 205.Ehrenberg, Prof., on Atlantic dust, 15.on infusoria in Pampas, 89, 134-135-on infusoria in the open sea, 167.on infusoria in Patagonia, 175.on infusoria in Fuegian paint, 226.on infusoria in coral mud, 469.• on infusoria in tuff at Ascension, 497.on phosphorescence of the sea, 168.on noises from a hill, 365.Eimeo, view of, 410.Elater, springing powers of, 39.Electricity of atmosphere within Andes,329-330.Elephant, weight of, 94.Elevated shells, 91, 175. 258, 314, 347~348, 373-Elevation of coasts of Chile, 259, 302,3". 3M> 342. 349. 36 1-of B. Blanca, 86.of Patagonia, 176, 375.of Pampas, 135.of mountain-chains, 314.of Cordillera, 320, 323-324, 335.of fringing-reefs, 481.of the coast of Peru, 374.within human period, 374.Entomology of the Galapagos Archipelago, 385. 396, 398.of Brazil, 41-42.of Patagonia, 175, 331.of Tierra del Fuego, 243.of Keeling Island, 460.of St. Helena, 493.Entre Rios, geology of, 134.Epeira, habits of, 45.Erratic blocks, how transported, 252.Erratic blocks absent in intertropicalcountries, 252-253.on plains of Santa Cruz, 191.of Tierra del Fuego, 252.Estancia, value of, 150.Extermination of species and races, 177-178, 438, 451.Extinction of shells at St. Helena, 491.of species, causes of, 178, 179.of man in New South Wales, 438,
451.
¶Eyes of tucutuco and mole, 59-60.
113.
¶, Jesuit, on natural enclosures, 122.Falkland Islands, 193., birds tame at, 403., absence of trees at, 55-56., carrion-hawks of, 65., wild cattle and horses of, 194., climate of, 247.• , peat of, 290.Fat, quantity eaten, 123.Fear, an acquired instinct, 404.Februa, 42.Fennel, run wild, 125.Ferguson, Dr., on miasma, 370.Fern-trees, 249, 452.Fernando Noronha, 21, 378.Fields of dead coral, 463.Fire, art of making, 199, 413.Fish, eating coral, 468.• of Galapagos, 395.emitting harsh sound, 141.Flamingoes, 73.Fleas, 349.Floods after droughts, 139.clear after snow, 322.Flora of the Galapagos, 378, 397, 400.of Keeling Island, 458.of St. Helena, 489-490.Flustracese, 205-206.Forests, absence of, in La Plata, 55.of Tierra del Fuego, 214-215, 248289-290.of Chiloe, 248, 281, 290, 296.of Valdivia, 301, 302.of New Zealand, 431.of Australia, 437.Fossil Mammalia, 88, 132, 135, 160, 177earthenware, 374.Fox of the Falkland Islands, 198.[517]Fox of Chiloe, 284.Friendly Archipelago, 484.Frogs, noises of, 38., bladders of, 388.and toads, not found on oceanicislands, 386.Frozen soil, 95, 253.Fruit-trees, southern limit of, 248.Fucus giganteus, 243.Fuegians, 209-239.Fulgurites, 67-68.Fungus, edible, 241.Furnarius, 101.
¶Galapagos Archipelago, 376; natural history of, 381.-belongs to American Zoology, 382,397-Gale of wind, 221-222, 285.Gallegos River, fossil bones at, 177.Gallinazo, 63.Gauchos, 50, 157..character of, 161-162.live on meat, 123.Gay, M., on floating islands, 270., on shells in brackish water, 30.Geese at the Falkland Islands, 204.Geographical distribution of Americananimals, 136-7, 330.of frogs, 386.of fauna and flora of Galapagos,397-398.Geology of Cordillera, 322-323, 335.of Patagonia, 175, 186.of St. Jago, 15-16.of St. Paul, 18.of B. Blanca, 88.of Pampas, 134.of Brazil, 22.Georgia, climate of, 253.Geospiza, 383, 399.Gill, Mr., on an upheaved riverbed, 362.Gillies, Dr., on the Cordillera, 327.Glaciers in Tierra del Fuego, 229, 250.in Cordillera, 328.in lat. 46 0 40', 251.Glowworms, 38.Goats, destructive to vegetation at St.Helena, 492., bones of, 173.Goitre, 318.Gold-washing, 270-271.Good Success Bay, 209.Gossamer spider, 164.Gould, Mr., on the Calodera, 130.517Gould, Mr., on birds of Galapagos, 383.Granite mountains, Tres Montes, 287.of Cordillera, 324.Graspus, 20.Gravel, how far transported, 114.of Patagonia, 82, 176.Greenstone, fragments of, 261.Gryllus migratorius, 333.Guanaco, habits of, 170.•——.fossil allied genus, 177-178.Guantajaya, mines of, 367.Guardia del Monte, 124.Guasco, 351.Guasos of Chile, 263.Guava, imported into Tahiti, 407.Guinea-fowl, 13, 495.Gunnera scabra, 283.Gypsum, great beds of, 323.in salt-lake, 72-73.in Patagonian tertiary-beds, 175.at Iquique with salt, 367-368.at Lima with shells, 373.
¶Hachette, M., on lightning-tubes, 68.Hailstorm, 121-122.Hall, Capt. Basil, on terraces of Coquimbo, 347.Hare, Varying, 53.Head, Capt., on thistle-beds, 125, 129.Height of snow-line on Cordillera, 249.Henslow, Prof., on potatoes, 289.on plants of Keeling Island, 458.Hermit crabs, 461.Hill, emitting a noise, 365.Himantopus, 120.Hogoleu barrier-reef, 473.Holes made by a bird, 102.Holman on drifted seeds, 458.Holuthuria; feeding on coral, 468.Hooker, Sir J., on the Cardoon, 125., Dr. J. D., on the Kelp, 244., Dr. J. D., on Galapageian plants,397. 400-Horn, Cape, 216.Horner, Mr., on a calcareous deposit, 20.Horse, powers of swimming of, 148., wild at the Falkland Islands, 196.fossil, 89, 135.Horsefly, 175.Horsemanship of the Gauchos, 156-157,
200.
¶Horses difficult to drive, 116.drop excrement on paths, 124.killed by great droughts, 138-139., multiplication of, 237.[518]5 i 8Horses broken in, 156.Hot springs of Cauquenes, 267.Huacas, 372, 374.Humboldt on burnished rocks, 22.on the atmosphere in tropics, 40.on frozen soil, 95.on hybernation, 105.on potatoes, 289.on earthquakes and rain, 356.on miasma, 369—370, 438.Humming-birds of Rio de Janeiro, 41.of Chile, 276.Hybernation of animals, 105.Hydrocha?rus capybara, 57.Hydrophobia, 357.Hyla, 38.Hymenophallus, 41.
¶Ibis melanops, 170.Ice, prismatic structure of, 328.Icebergs, 192, 229, 252-256.Incas Bridge, 338, 360.Incrustations on coast rocks, 19, 22.Indian fossil remains, 374.Indians, attacks of, 71, 82, 83., Patagonians, 236-237., Araucarians, 303.of the Pampas, 108.of Valdivia, 303., perforated stones used by, 272.powers of tracking, 331., grave of, 174, 192., ruins of houses of, in Cordillera,360, 372., antiquities of, in La Plata, 54, in .decrease in numbers, no.Infection, 439.Infusoria in dust of the Atlantic, 15.in the sea, 25, 167.in Pampas, 89, 135.in Patagonia, 175.in white paint, 226.in coral mud, 468-469.at Ascension, 497.Insects, first colonists of St. Paul's rocks,20.blown out to sea, 164.of Patagonia, 175, 331.of Tierra del Fuego, 243.of Galapagos, 385, 396, 397~398.of Keeling Island, 460.of St. Helena, 493.Instincts of birds, 101-102, 403.Iodine with salt at Iquique, 368.Iquique, 365.Iron, oxide of, on rocks, 22.Islands, oceanic, volcanic, 18., Antarctic, 253., floating, 270., low, 406, 470-471.
¶Jackson, Col., on frozen snow, 328.Jaguar, habits of, 140.Jajuel, mines of, 264.James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; 380.Juan Fernandez, volcano of, 314., flora of, 397.
¶Kater's Peak, 217.Kauri pine, 431.Keeling Island, 456., birds of, 459-460., entomology of, 460.•, flora of, 458.• •, subsidence of, 479.Kelp, or sea-weed, 243.Kendall, Lieut., on a frozen body, 253.Kingfishers, 12, 143.King George's Sound, 453.
¶Labourers, condition of, in Chile, 270.Lagoon-islands, 406, 457, 469.Lagostomus, 129.Lake, brackish, near Rio, 30.——•, with floating islands, 270.formed during earthquake, 374.Lamarck on acquired blindness, 59.Lampyris, 38.Lancaster, Capt., on a sea-tree, 106.Land-shells, 351, 491, 492.Lazo, 51, 158, 194.Leaves, fall of, 240., fossil, 452.Leeks in New Zealand, imported, 431.Lepus Magellanicus, 198.Lesson, M., on the scissor-beak, 143., on rabbit of the Falklands, 198.Lichen on loose sand, 367.Lichtenstein on ostriches, 98.Lightning storms, 69.tubes, 67.Lima, 368, 371., elevation of a river near, 362.Lime, changed by lava into crystallinerock, 15-16.Limnaia in brackish water, 30.Lion-ant, 445.Lizard, 104., marine species of, 389, 390.Lizards, transport of eggs of, 386.[519]Llama or Guanaco, habits of, 170.Locusts, 333.Longevity of species in Mammalia, 90.Low archipelago, 406.Lund, M., on antiquity of man, 362.Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil,135, 178.Luxan, 332.Luxuriant vegetation not necessary to support large animals, 91, 92.Lycosa, 44.Lyell, Mr., on terraces of Coquimbo, 347., on longevity of Mammalia, 90., on subsidence in the Pacific, 472., on change in vegetation, 125., on fossil horses' teeth, 135., on distribution of animals, 330., on frozen snow, 328., on extinct mammals and ice-period,178, 179-, on flocks of butterflies, 163., on stones twisted by earthquakes,
¶Macculloch on infection, 439.Macquarie river, 446.Macrauchenia, 89, 177.Macrocystis, 243.Madrina, or godmother of a troop ofmules, 319.Magdalen Channel, 245.Magellan, Strait of, 236.Malcolmson, Dr., on hail, 121.Maldiva atolls, 470, 479, 481.Maldonado, 48.Mammalia, fossil, 88, 132, 135, 160, 177,375-Man, antiquity of, 361., fossil remains of, 375., body frozen, 254., fear of, an acquired instinct, 405.• , extinction of races, 439, 451.Mares' flesh eaten by troops, 108.killed for their hides, 159.Mastodon, 132, 135.Matter, granular, movements in, 106.Mauritius, 486.Maypu river, 320.Megalonyx, 88, 136.Megatherium, 88, 90, 136.Mendoza, climate of, 327., 334-Mexico, elevation of, 136.Miasmata, 369, 440.Mice inhabit sterile places, 363.——•, number of, in America, 57.
¶5 I Q
330.
¶-of the Galapagos, 382.of Ascension, 495.Millepora, 468.Mills for grinding ores, 270.Mimosae, 34.Mimus, 62, 399, 403.Miners, condition of, 265, 270, 342, 350.Mines, 264, 344, 349-35°-, how discovered, 321.Missionaries at New Zealand, 429.Mitchell, Sir T., on valleys of Australia,
442.
275-
¶Molothrus, habits of, 60.Monkeys with prehensile tails, 37.Monte Video, 147.Moresby, Capt., on a great crab, 467.on coral-reefs, 482-483.Mount Sarmiento, 238, 246.Tarn, 239.Mountains, elevation of, 315-316.Movements in granular matter, 106.Mud, chalk-like, 468.disturbed by earthquake, 310.Mules, 318-319.Muniz, Sig., on niata cattle, 151.Murray, Mr., on spiders, 166.Mylodon, 89, 136, 160.Myopotamus Coypus, 291.
¶Negress with goitre, 318.Negro, Rio, 70, 154.lieutenant, 82.New Caledonia, reef of, 473, 474, 480.Zealand, 420.Niata cattle, 150-151.Noises from a hill, 365.Noses, ceremony of pressing, 427.Nothura, 53.Notopod, crustacean, 166.Nulliporae, incrustations like, 19.protecting reefs, 501.
¶Octopus, habits of, 16—17.Oily coating on sea, 27.Olfersia, 20.Opetiorhynchus, 292.Opuntia, 265.Darwinii, 170.Galapageia, 378.[520]520Orange-trees self-sown, 126.Ores, gold, 270—271.Ornithology of Galapagos, 382—383, 399.Ornithorhynchus, 445.Osorno, volcano of, 277, 279, 295.Ostrich, habits of, 51, 96.Ostriches' eggs, 119.Otaheite, see Tahiti.Otter, 291.Ova in sea, 26.Oven-bird, 101.Owen, Capt., on a drought in Africa, 138., Professor, on the Capybara, 57., Professor, on fossil quadrupeds, 88—91. 135-, Professor, on nostrils of the Gallinazo, 189.Owl of Pampas, 76, 130-131.Oxyurus, 242, 293.Oysters, gigantic, 175.
¶Paint, white, 226.Pallas on Siberia, 74.Palm-trees in La Plata, 54.in Chile, 260-261., south limit of, 249.Palms absent at Galapagos, 379.Pampas, number of embedded remains in,159-160., S. limit of, 81-82..changes in, 125-126.not quite level, 128-129, 132, 148-149., geology of, 134, 160., view of, from the Andes, 331.Papilio feronia, 42.Parana, Rio, 131, 144, 152.• , islands in, 139.Parish, Sir W., on the great drought, 138.Park, Mungo, on eating salt, 116.Parrots, 143, 247.Partridges, 53.Pas, fortresses of New Zealand, 422.Passes in Cordillera, 337.Pasture, altered from grazing of cattle,124.Patagones, 71.Patagonia, geology of, 175, 332., zoology of, 170, 175, 184.Patagonian Indians, 234.Peach-trees, self-sown, 126.Peat, formation of, 290.Pebbles perforated, 154, 272.transported in roots of trees, 465.Pelagic animals in southern ocean, 166.Pelacanoides Berardii, 294.Penas, Gulf of, 252.Penguin, habits of, 204.Pepsis, habits of, 44.Pernambuco, reef of, 501.Pernety on hill of ruins, 203.• on tame birds, 404.Peru, 366-376., dry valleys of, 362, 366.Petrels, habits of, 293.Peuquenes, pass of, 323.Phonolite at F. Noronha, 21.Phosphorescence of the sea, 167.of a coralline, 207.• of land insects and sea animals, 38-
¶39-
320.
¶almost horizontal near St. Fe, 132. Planaria:, terrestrial species of, 35.
¶Plants of the Galapagos, 378, 397, 400-
401.
¶of Keeling Island, 458.of St. Helena, 490.Plata, Rio, 47., thunderstorms of, 69.Plover, long-legged, 120.Polished rocks, Brazil, 22.Polyborus chimango, 63.Nova: Zelandis, 65.Brasiliensis, 63.Ponsonby Sound, 225.Porpoises, 47.Port Desire, 169., river of, 113.St. Julian, 174.Famine, 238.Portillo pass, 324, 329.Porto Praya, n.Potato, wild, 289.Potrero, Seco, 354.Prairies, vegetation of, 125—126.Provost, M., on cuckoos, 61.Priestley, Dr., on lightning-tubes, 67.Procellaria gigantea, habits of, 293.Proctotretus, 104.Proteus, blindness of, 59.Protococcus nivalis, 326.Pteroptochos, two species of, 274.-, species of, 282, 292.Puente del Inca, 338, 360.Puffinus cinereus, 294.Puma, habits of, 141, 188, 273-274.[521]Puma, flesh of, 122.Puna, or short respiration, 326.Punta Alta, Bahia Blanca, 88.Gorda, 134, 361.Pyrophorus luminosus, 39.
¶Quadrupeds, fossil, 88, 132, 135, 160,177-, large, do not require luxuriant vegetation, 91-92., large, weight of, 94.Quartz of the Ventana, 115.of Tapalguen, 122.of Falkland Islands, 201.Quedius, 20.Quillota, valley of, 259.Quintero, 258.Quiriquina Island, 306.Quoy and Gaimard on stinging corals,468.• on coral reefs, 480.
¶Rabbit, wild, at the Falkland Islands,197.Rain at Coquimbo, 342, 352.at Rio, 38.and earthquakes, 355-356.in Peru, 368, 369.in Chile, formerly more abundant,361.in Chile, effects on vegetation, 342.Rana mascariensis, 386.Rat, only aboriginal animal of New Zealand, 431.Rats at Galapagos, 382.at Ascension, 495.at Keeling Island, 459.Rattle-snake, species with allied habit,103.Red snow, 326.Reduvius, 333.Reef at Pernambuco of sandstone, 501.Reefs of coral, 469-485., Barrier, 472-479., Fringing, 475.Reeks, Mr., analysis of salt, 72-73..analysis of bones, 160., analysis of salt and shells, 373—374.Remains, human elevated, 374-375.Remedies of the Gauchos, 133.Rengger on the horse, 238.Reptiles absent in Tierra del Fuego, 242.at Galapagos, 385-386.Respiration difficult in Andes, 325-326.Retrospect, 503 et seq.521Revolutions at Buenos Ayres, 145.Rhinoceroses live in desert countries, 92-
¶93-
¶, frozen, 95-96, 254.Rhynchops nigra, 141.Richardson, Dr., on mice of North America, 382., on frozen soil, 95, 253.-, on eating fat, 123., on geographical distribution, 137.Rimsky atoll, 470.Rio de Janeiro, 28.Plata, 47.Negro, 70, 152.Colorado, 76.S. Cruz, 182., Sauce, 113.Salado, 124.Rivers, power of, in wearing channels,185, 320.River-bed, arched, 325.River-courses dry in America, 113.Rocks burnished with ferruginous matter,22.Rodents, number of, in America, 57-58,
184.
¶, fossil species of, 89.Rosas, General, 78, 109, 145.Ruins of Callao, 372.of Indian buildings in Cordillera,360, 372.
¶S. Cruz, 182.Salado, Rio, 123.Salinas at the Galapagos Archipelago, 381.in Patagonia, 72, 175.Saline efflorescences, 85.Salt with vegetable food, 116., superficial crust of, 367—368., with elevated shells, 373.Salt-lakes, 72, 175, 381.Sand, hot from sun's rays, at GalapagosArchipelago, 381., noise from friction of, 365.Sand-dunes, 82.Sandstone of New South Wales, 442., reef of, 501.Sandwich Archipelago, no frogs at, 386.Land, 253.San Lorenzo, island of, 370.San Pedro, forests of, 284-285.Santa Cruz, river of, 182.Santiago, Chile, 267.Sarmiento, Mount, 238, 246.Sauce, Rio, 113.[522]522Saurophagus, sulphuratus, 61.Scarus eating corals, 468.Scelidotherium, 88.Scenery of Andes, 322.Scissor-tail, 143.Scissor-beak, habits of, 143.Scoresby, Mr., on effects of snow on rocks,
¶Scorpions, cannibals, 170.Scrope, Mr., on earthquakes, 356;Scytalopus fuscus, 242, 293.Sea, open, inhabitants of, 167., phosphorescence of, 167.Sea, distant noise of, 300.Sea-pen, habits of, 105, 207.Sea-weed, growth of, 243-244.Seals, number of, 288.Seeds transported by sea, 397, 458.Serpula% protecting reef, 501.Shark killed by Diodon, 24.Shaw, Dr., on lion's flesh, 122.Sheep, infected, 439.Shelley, lines on Mont Blanc, 173.Shells, land, in great numbers, 351., land, at St. Helena, 491., fossil, of Cordillera, 324.of Galapagos, 395..elevated, 90, 135, 175, 258, 347-348. 373-, tropical forms of, far south, 248., decomposition of, with salt, 373—374-Shepherds' dogs, 154-155.Shingle-bed of Patagonia, 82, 177.Siberia compared with Patagonia, 74., zoology of, related to NorthAmerica, 137.Siberian animals, how preserved in ice,254-255-, animals, food necessary during theirexistence, 96.Silicified trees, 335, 356.Silurian formations at Falkland Islands,201.Silurus, habits of, 141.Skunks, 87.Slavery, 28-29, 32, 33-34, 502.Smelling power of carrion-hawks, 189—190.Smith, Dr. Andrew, on the support oflarge quadrupeds, 92., on perforated pebbles, 154.Snake, venomous, 103.Snow, effects of, on rocks, 322., prismatic structure of, 329.Snow, red, 326.Snow-line on Cordillera, 249, 326, 328.Society, state of, in La Plata, 49, 161—162., state of, in Australia, 447-448.Archipelago, 406.Archipelago, volcanic phenomena at,
479-
¶Soda, nitrate of, 366., sulphate of, 85.Soil, frozen, 95, 253—254.Spawn on surface of sea, 26.Species, distribution of, 134—135, 367.• •, extinction of, 178-179.Spiders, habits of, 44-46.•, gossamer, 164.killed by and killing wasps, 44-46.on Keeling Island, 460.on St. Paul's, 20.Springs, hot, 268.Stephenson, Mr., on growth of sea-weed,
245.
¶Stinging animals, 468.St. Helena, 489.• , introduction of spirits into, 415-416.St. Fe, 133.St. Jago, C. Verds, 11., C. Verds, unhealthiness of, 369.St. Maria, elevated, 311, 314.St. Paul's rocks, 18.Stones perforated, 154, 272.• transported in roots, 465.Storm, 221-222, 285.in Cordillera, 327, 364.Streams of stones at Falkland Islands, 201.Strongylus, 41.Struthio Rhea, 51, 100.• Darwinii, 100.Strzelecki, Count, 451.Suadiva atoll, 470.Subsidence of coral reef, 471—485.of Keeling Island, 479.of Patagonia, 177.of coast of Peru, 372.• of Cordillera, 324, 336.of coasts of Chile, 348.of Vanikoro, 479.of coral reefs great in amount,
482.
¶, cause of distinctness in Tertiary
¶epochs, 349.
¶Sulphate of lime, 73, 373.
¶• of soda incrusting the ground, 84.
¶of soda with common salt, 73, 373. Swainson, Mr., on cuckoos, 60.
¶Sydney, 435.
p. 523¶Tabanus, 175.Tahiti (Otaheite), 407., three zones of fertility, 410., advanced civilization of, 234.Talcahuano, 306.Tambillos, Ruinas de, 360.Tameness of birds, 403.Tapacolo and Turco, 274-275.Tapalguen, Sierra, flat hills of quartz, 122.Tarn, Mount, 239.Tasmania, 450.Tattooing, 408, 430.Temperance of the Tahitians, 415-416.Temperature of Tierra del Fuego andFalkland Islands, 247.of Galapagos, 377, 381.Tercero, Rio, fossils in banks of, 132.Terraces in valleys of Cordillera, 319.of Coquimbo, 347.of Patagonia, 175-176, 186.Tertiary formations of the Pampas, 88,134-135.formations of Patagonia, 175, 332.formations in Chile, epochs of,348-349-Teru-tero, habits of, 120.Testudo, habits of, 386-387, 399.Theory of lagoon-islands, 475.Theristicus, 170.Thistle beds, 124, 129, 153.Thunder-storms, 69.Tierra del Fuego, 209-256., climate and vegetation of, 247., zoology of, 241., entomology of, 243.Tinamus rufescens, 119.Tinochorus Eschscholtzii, 100.Toad, habits of, 103-104.not found in oceanic islands, 386.Torrents in Cordillera, 320, 325.Tortoise, habits of, 386-387, 399.Toxodon, 89, 132, 135, 160.Transparency of air in Andes, 329.of air in St. Jago, 14.Transport of seeds, 397, 458.of boulders, 191-192, 252.of stones in, roots of trees, 465.of fragments of rock on banks of theSt. Cruz river, 185.Travertin with leaves of trees, VanDiemen's Land, 452.Tree-ferns, southern limits of, 249.. 452-Trees, absence of, in Pampas, 54., floating, transport stones, 466.523Trees, silicified, vertical, 335., silicified, size of, 356., time required to rot, 305.Tres Montes, 286.Trichodesmium, 24.Trigonocephalus, 103.Tristan d'Acunha, 405, 460.Trochilus, 276.Tropical scenery, 498.Tschudi, M., on subsidence, 372.Tubes, silicious, formed by lightning, 67.Tucutuco, habits of, 58., fossil species of, 89.Tuff, craters of, 376., Infusoria in, 497.Tupungato, volcano of, 328.Turco, El, 274.Turkey buzzard, 66, 189-190, 288.Turtle, manner of catching, 463.Type of organization in Galapagos Islands, American, 397.Types of organization in different countries, constant, 178-179.Tyrannus, 143.
¶Ulloa on hydrophobia, 357.on Indian buildings, 361.Unanue, Dr., on hydrophobia, 357.Uruguay, Rio, 144, 152., not crossed by the Bizcacha, 129.Uspallata range and pass, 335.
¶Vacas, Rio, 337.Valdivia, 301., forests of, 302, 306.Valley of St. Cruz, how excavated, 186., dry, at Copiapo, 359.Valleys, excavation of, in Chile, 319, 359.of Tahiti, 412, 416.in Cordillera, 319.of New South Wales, 442.Valparaiso, 257, 317.Vampire bat, 31.Vapour from forests, 33.Van Diemen's Land, 449.Vanellus Cayanus, 120.Vanessa, flocks of, 163.Vanikoro, 473, 474, 479.Vegetation of St. Helena, changes of, 492.Vegetation on opposite sides of Cordillera,33°-, luxuriant, not necessary to supportlarge animals, 91-92.Ventana, Sierra, 116.Verbena melindres, 48.[524]524Villa Vicencio, 335.Virgularia Patagonica, 105, 207.Volcanic bombs, 496.Islands, 18.phenomena, 314—315.Volcanoes near Chiloe, 277, 279, 295,
¶314-315-
¶, their presence determined by elevation or subsidence, 484.Vultur aura, 66, 190, 288.Waders, first colonists of distant islands,384.Waimate, New Zealand, 425.Walckenaer, on spiders, 46.Walleechu tree, 75.Wasps preying on spiders and killed by,44-46.Water, sold at Iquique, 366., fresh, floating on salt, 47, 461-462.Water-hog, 57.Waterhouse, Mr., on Rodents, 57, 382., on the Niata ox, 151., on the insects of Tierra del Fuego,243., on the insects of Galapagos, 385,396-Waves, caused by fall of ice, 229, 250.from earthquakes, 309, 312-313.Weather, connection with earthquakes,355-Weather-board, N. S. Wales, 441.Weeds in New Zealand, imported, 397,431.Weight of large quadrupeds, 94.Wellington, Mount, 452.Wells, ebbing and flowing, 461-462.at Iquique, 368.West Indies, banks of, 443., coral reefs of, 476, 483-484., zoology of, 137.Whales, oil from, 27.leaping out of water, 228.White, Mr., on Spiders, 44.Wigwams of Fuegians, 217.Williams, Rev., on infectious disorders,
439-
¶Winds, dry, in Tierra del Fuego, 236.at the Cape Verds, 13., cold, in Cordillera, 364.on Cordillera, 327.Winter's Bark, 240, 285.Wolf at the Falklands, 198.Wood, Capt., on the Agouti, 76.Woollya, 226.
¶Zonotrichia, 60.Zoological provinces of N. and S.America, 136-137.Zoology of Galapagos, 382.of Keeling Island, 459-460.of Tierra del Fuego, 241.of Chonos Islands, 291.of St. Helena, 492-493.Zoophytes, 106.at Falkland Islands, 205.Zorillo, or skunk, 87.