Emotion
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2.The relation of passion to reason
2a.Passion as the enemy of reason
Plato, PhaedoVol. 2
- p. 88The soul rebukes desires, passions and fears, as Odysseus reproaches his heart in Homer.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 57–58Violence arises from a corrupted emotion of the soul and lust from ungoverned affection.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 281–282Sadness and passions easily overturn resolve for a trivial cause.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 305–306Rage drowns reason; Cellini draws his sword, then second thoughts restrain him.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 361Fernando's choler and Cardenio's readiness to fight are checked; Dorothea pleads that reason should rule over passion.read · scan
William Harvey, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in AnimalsVol. 38
- p. 62–64Hatred and envy warp minds and unfit men to weigh arguments for truth.read · scan
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Philaster, or Love Lies A-BleedingVol. 47
- p. 744Rulers must govern their passions.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 329Differing passions and dispositions give names a tincture of the speaker's interest.read · scan
- p. 331Men take their passions of the moment for right reason.read · scan
- p. 349Differences in quickness of thought are caused by men's differing passions of love and dislike.read · scan
- p. 410–411Weighing others' actions as one's own keeps passions and self-love from adding weight.read · scan
Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Life Is a DreamVol. 26
- p. 52Passions such as vindictiveness should be checked; they wreak havoc in sleep and waking.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 87Fabian fears despair and passion will master the hero and make him a slave of passion.read · scan
- p. 90Passion against reason: Pauline's reason rules like a tyrant while memory keeps pain; Severus cannot heal.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 36Fear, love and hate disturb reason and judgment.read · scan
- p. 132–133Internal war between reason and the passions; man cannot be at peace with one without war with the other.read · scan
- p. 222The enemies of men are the passions.read · scan
- p. 226Man's enemies are his passions.read · scan
John Dryden, All for Love; or, The World Well LostVol. 18
- p. 29–38She rejects reason and moderate sorrow, wallowing in transcendent passion and despair.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 88–89Reason, not passion, should govern as children grow.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 340Passion leads to binding resolutions that wisdom corrects.read · scan
- p. 346–347Passion is a fever of the mind, a mob riot upon reason, weakening and clouding judgment.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 101Franklin's resolve dissolves in stages, from shame and desire to give, under the preacher's stirring.read · scan
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingVol. 37
- p. 388–389Passion, wonder and vanity make men credulous of reports flattering their inclinations.read · scan
- p. 416Hesitation checks the dogmatist's passion and suspends action, making him impatient for certainty.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 197Society requires passions of individuals and masses to be subdued by an external power.read · scan
- p. 274–275History is mostly the miseries wrought by pride, ambition, avarice, revenge and disorderly appetites.read · scan
- p. 278–279Passions naturally progress from frailty to vice and must be checked by a watchful eye and firm hand.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 327–329Passion rages, defeating reason and conscience.read · scan
William Wordsworth, Essay Supplementary to PrefaceVol. 39
- p. 311Youth's rapture and feelings that revolt from reason make it prone to delusion in reading verse.read · scan
William Ellery Channing, On the Elevation of the Laboring ClassesVol. 28
- p. 318Political frenzy is passion that reflection must replace.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 586–587Renzo's swelling anger blinds him and destroys respect; he rages against Don Rodrigo.read · scan
- p. 587–588Rage blinds Renzo.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 34No feeling is good in itself, since any may lead to bad actions.read · scan
2b.Passion as the ingredient or ally of virtue
Sir Philip Sidney, The Defense of PoesyVol. 27
- p. 14–15Passion is virtue's cumbersome servant that must be mastered; philosophers are angry at anger.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkVol. 46
- p. 149Blessed are those whose blood and judgment are balanced so they are not slaves to passion.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 207Passions and pleasures, rightly tempered, are the very ingredients of virtue.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 164–165Passions subdued as slaves become virtues; when they become masters they are vices that poison the soul.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 142–143Affection spurs pupils to duty and a mind at ease receives instruction.read · scan
Alexander Pope, Solitude; On a Certain Lady at Court; Essay on ManVol. 40
- p. 407–411Passions are the elements of life; strife maintains general order in nature and man.read · scan
- p. 415Passions such as anger, envy, ambition and avarice can be turned into fortitude, emulation and prudence.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among MankindVol. 34
- p. 177The passions and reason depend on each other; reason improves through the activity of passions.read · scan
Christopher Smart, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 490–492Use all passions: love, joy, hope, fear rightly directed.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 216–217Burke defends natural feelings of melancholy, terror and pity at the fall of kings; passions instruct reason and humble pride.read · scan
2c.The heart's reasons and the primacy of feeling
See also: Philosophy 5c
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 142Vehement sorrow, anger and pity toward the Manichees stirred by the Psalms; natural feelings of the soul.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 11–12Judging by feeling versus reasoning from principles.read · scan
- p. 12Harming the understanding harms the feelings too.read · scan
- p. 93Feeling acts in a moment and is always ready, so faith should rest on feeling.read · scan
- p. 97–98Feeling is the end of reasoning, though fancy resembles it and cannot be distinguished.read · scan
- p. 98–99The heart has reasons reason does not know; reasons are found afterward for what pleases or shocks us.read · scan
- p. 100Heart has its own order, not enumerating causes of love.read · scan
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingVol. 37
- p. 290Passions and affections dissipate the conclusions of abstruse philosophy in real life.read · scan
- p. 323–324Belief is as unavoidable as love on receiving benefits or hatred on injuries.read · scan
- p. 325Belief is a feeling or sentiment, likened to cold or anger, which gives ideas influence on passions.read · scan
- p. 341–342Our authority over sentiments and passions is weaker than over ideas.read · scan
- p. 368Affections take a narrower view, regarding beings around us and private good and ill, unmoved by general views.read · scan
- p. 369Approbation and blame are emotions essential to the mind's frame, unaltered by philosophical speculation.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 268Passions are the voice of the body and conscience the voice of the soul; they can conflict.read · scan
- p. 269We weep at villainy punished in theatres and feel admiration for heroic acts, showing natural moral feeling.read · scan
- p. 269–270Sympathy, indignation at injustice and admiration for generosity are natural; even the wicked share pity, and the selfish heart is dead.read · scan
- p. 273–274Sensibility precedes intelligence; conscience is sentimental, not intellectual; innate sentiments include self-love, aversion to pain, dread of death.read · scan
Immanuel Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of MoralsVol. 32
- p. 313Respect is a feeling, but self-wrought by a rational concept, distinct from feelings of inclination or fear.read · scan
- p. 352Moral feeling differs infinitely in degree, cannot give uniform standard, though it honors virtue better than profit.read · scan
- p. 369–370Moral feeling is an effect of law on will, not its foundation.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 210–211Horror and natural sensibility at the suffering of the queen and royal infants, against the new modern light.read · scan
- p. 222Natural feelings, hearts of flesh and blood, guard duty and manly morals against abstract rights of man.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Hermann and DorotheaVol. 19
- p. 404Her sob and tears burst out; she says cold rational words cannot relieve a heart afflicted by fate.read · scan
Friedrich von Schiller, Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManVol. 32
- p. 260–261Passionate energy is explained by weakness of mind rather than mind's weakness by passion.read · scan
- p. 266Feeling and thought meet in one point and otherwise stand infinitely apart.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, WorshipVol. 5
- p. 282The heart has arguments the understanding does not know.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 279–280Disgust and repugnance are treated as instinctive antipathies that the public takes for moral law.read · scan
2d.The passions and the false judgments of the Stoics
Epictetus, The Golden Sayings of EpictetusVol. 2
- p. 121Moaning and wailing over events is contrasted with using our given powers.read · scan
- p. 123Weeping over tomorrow's food, envy and awe of the powerful are futile; no one can rule one who regards them not.read · scan
- p. 151Death of a son, loss of a ship or imprisonment are only events; misfortune is added by our judgment.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 211–212Perturbations arise from inner opinion, not external things.read · scan
- p. 222Impressions that trouble are easily wiped away for tranquillity.read · scan
- p. 282–283True principles free one from grief and fear; even a brief precept suffices.read · scan
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