Emotion
Outline · 2 ›
1.The nature and classification of the passions
Edmund Burke, Preface to the Second Edition of On the Sublime and BeautifulVol. 24
- p. 9Tracing the springs of our passions can give taste philosophical solidity.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and BeautifulVol. 24
- p. 46–47Burke justifies methodizing the passions as preparation for the inquiry; knowing their operations lets one affect them and judge works designed to move them.read · scan
William Ellery Channing, On the Elevation of the Laboring ClassesVol. 28
- p. 337–339Self-knowledge comes from studying the workings of our own passions and mutations of feeling.read · scan
1a.Catalogues and definitions of the passions
Buddhist WritingsVol. 45
- p. 669–670Hatred and infatuation are named as roots from which action arises.read · scan
The Bhagavad-Gita; or, Song CelestialVol. 45
- p. 830Grief, joy, fearlessness, mirth and tears are all listed as coming from God's gift.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 210Personified Sorrows, Fear and Cares at hell's gate; Aeneas seized with sudden fear at the monsters.read · scan
- p. 210Desire, fear, grief and joy arise from the coarse mixture of body confining the soul.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 201Anger turns from reason with pain, unlike desire's impulse.read · scan
- p. 292Anger, grief and fear show deviation from nature.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 27–28Anger, fear and grief are each shown to have a counterpart in God's unchanging nature.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 313–314Man ensnared with many passions and bound with fears.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 207Life is called the play of passion.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 19Parents' joys, griefs and fears are unuttered.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 309–310Desire, fear and hope are the same in all men, differing only in their objects.read · scan
- p. 337–338Appetite, aversion, love, hate and contempt are treated as basic passions, seen as bodily motions.read · scan
- p. 339–340Catalogs the passions—hope, despair, fear, anger, courage, benevolence, ambition—as variants of appetite and aversion.read · scan
- p. 340–342Continues the catalog of passions: love, jealousy, revengefulness, fear, joy, glorying, dejection defined by object and opinion.read · scan
- p. 342–343Explains laughter, weeping, shame, pity and cruelty as passions arising from sudden glory, dejection, grief and imagined calamity.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 131Pride counterbalances miseries; man either hides them or glories in knowing them.read · scan
- p. 233–234Passions alone make a week and a hundred years seem different.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, Minor WorksVol. 48
- p. 412–413Passions are sentiments of the mind itself; greater minds have greater, more definite passions.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 382Praise is a passion quickly moved and deceivable.read · scan
Joseph Addison, The Vision of MirzaVol. 27
- p. 75Envy, avarice, superstition, despair and love are birds that infest human life as cares and passions.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 149Personified spleen, envy and affectation show moods and vices as allegorical figures.read · scan
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingVol. 37
- p. 353Ambition, avarice, self-love, vanity, friendship and public spirit are the sources of all human enterprises.read · scan
Thomas Gray, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 447–449Personified passions—anger, fear, shame, love, jealousy, envy, despair—are the vultures that will tear the unwitting boys as they grow.read · scan
- p. 449–451Ambition, remorse, madness and scorn listed as torments of the mind.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and BeautifulVol. 24
- p. 29Curiosity, the desire for novelty, is the simplest and most superficial emotion, quickly exhausted, and blends with all passions.read · scan
- p. 34–35Passions divide into self-preservation and society; those concerning pain, sickness and death are strongest.read · scan
- p. 36Passions of self-preservation turn on pain, those of generation and society on pleasure.read · scan
- p. 45–46Recapitulates passions of self-preservation (pain, danger, sublime) and society (love, sympathy, imitation).read · scan
William Wordsworth, Essay Supplementary to PrefaceVol. 39
- p. 332–333Passion derives from suffering but is bound to effort and action; to be in a passion is to be angry.read · scan
- p. 333Passion requires the soul's effort to sustain or suppress it, or it languishes and dies.read · scan
- p. 333Pathetic emotions vary infinitely, some simple and others complex; meditative pathos requires treading steps of thought.read · scan
Lord Byron, ManfredVol. 18
- p. 431–432Passions of earth and heaven have pierced Manfred's heart; no being is exempt.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Over-SoulVol. 5
- p. 137–138Other persons stir passions of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity.read · scan
Hippolyte Taine, Introduction to the History of English LiteratureVol. 39
- p. 413–414Each action rests on an infinite train of emotions and sensations, the inward drama of the artist.read · scan
1b.The bodily expression and physiology of the passions
See also: Mind 5b
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 278–279Tears and sweat at the memory of Odysseus.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 177Grief, sorrow and terror wear down body and soul, followed by gladness at deliverance.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 167Dido's mortal paleness and concealed dire rage as she hides her resolve from Anna.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 250–251Caesar's soul is stirred by the speech, his color changes and papers drop from his hands.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 226The speaker's body works in harmony with every inward emotion to give grace to delivery.read · scan
- p. 311Terror ruined the sleep and health of the house's occupants.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 129–130Shame, indignation and feverish agitation show in his face, colour and voice.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 47Learning of the betrayal, the light became darkness before his face.read · scan
- p. 48Watching this, the king says the world became dark and he knew not where he was.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 98Dante is dismayed by Virgil's troubled face, then reassured by his sweet look, like the shepherd.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, PurgatoryVol. 20
- p. 233Laughter and tears follow the passions so closely that even the most sincere cannot restrain them; Dante's smile betrays him.read · scan
- p. 246The shadow-body shows speech, laughter, tears and sighs, presenting whatever passion moves within the spirit.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 322Joy in Heaven shows as increased splendour, as laughter on earth; sadness deepens the shade below.read · scan
Ambroise Paré, Journeys in Diverse PlacesVol. 38
- p. 46Fright is said to have driven off the captain's fever.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 229–230Sancho grows pale and beats his face in grief at losing the letter and the colts grant.read · scan
- p. 431–432Clara trembles as with ague and wishes not to hear the singer.read · scan
- p. 434She trembles like an aspen leaf and dies for sorrow at his toil.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 81Avoid envy, anxious fear, inward anger and excessive joy; favor hope, mirth and wonder for health.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkVol. 46
- p. 104–107The ghost's countenance was more in sorrow than anger; Hamlet is troubled and suspects foul play.read · scan
William Harvey, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in AnimalsVol. 38
- p. 116Fear and alarm produce faintness, weakening the pulse; recovered courage restores the blood's force.read · scan
- p. 123–124Grief, love, envy and anxiety affect the heart and cause emaciation and disease.read · scan
- p. 124Cold, alarm and horror make blood collect in its source.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 315–316Fear, anger and kindness in the body produce corresponding dream imaginations and the reverse motion in sleep.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 330–331Donne's faint breath and perplexed countenance show an inward conflict on hearing the offer.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 90Pauline's tears and sighs show a fierce inner combat she calls a wounded warrior.read · scan
John Milton, Paradise LostVol. 4
- p. 155Ire, envy and despair distort his face and betray his counterfeit appearance.read · scan
Sir Henry Vane, A Healing QuestionVol. 43
- p. 134Fear and jealousy put the whole body out of frame; self-denial and love replace war and wrath.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 39The passions of the soul trouble the senses.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, Minor WorksVol. 48
- p. 444Passions like fear presuppose a sensitive soul, impossible in lifeless bodies.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 54–55His fears and trembling were visible in countenance and tears.read · scan
Jean Racine, PhaedraVol. 26
- p. 142Physical symptoms of passion: pallor, blushing, faltering voice, blood cold then burning.read · scan
- p. 155–157Phaedra's blood and voice fail at seeing Hippolytus; she feels remorse and fear.read · scan
David Hume, Of the Standard of TasteVol. 27
- p. 207–208Finer emotions of the mind are delicate and easily disturbed by slight hindrance.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 241–242His distress makes his appetite fail and body weak, like Habakkuk trembling.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and BeautifulVol. 24
- p. 105Fear is apprehension of pain or death; describes its physical expression in men and dogs.read · scan
- p. 105–106Mimicking gestures of angry or frightened men produces the passion; Campanella learned dispositions this way.read · scan
- p. 106Passions cannot arise if the body is indisposed to their gestures; opiates and liquors suspend grief, fear, anger.read · scan
- p. 116–117Bad weather produces melancholy and dejection through the body.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 27–29Faust is seized by horror, palpitation and shattered pride.read · scan
Charles Lamb, On the Tragedies of ShakspereVol. 27
- p. 299Actor can only indicate grief or anger generally by gesture, not the motives and grounds distinguishing passion in noble minds.read · scan
William Hazlitt, Of Persons One Would Wish to Have SeenVol. 27
- p. 269–271Lamb reads with suffused features and faltering tongue; lover's fear and tenderness.read · scan
Leigh Hunt, On the Realities of ImaginationVol. 27
- p. 289Laughter and tears show feelings are real effects, whatever their source.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 20–22Don Abbondio's visible fear and disorder, breathless, unsteady, claiming his very life is at stake.read · scan
- p. 33Fright, sleeplessness and anxiety drive Don Abbondio to bed with a real fever, comically dramatized.read · scan
- p. 37Lucia's tone of reproach and restrained tears show her distress at the news.read · scan
- p. 68Lucia's tears and the friar's changing colour and distress at the tale of injustice.read · scan
- p. 139–141The nun's face and eyes betray shifting passions—pain, hatred, pity-seeking, pride—suggesting a tormented inner life.read · scan
- p. 167Gertrude flushes and her face contracts under the veiled threat.read · scan
- p. 239Renzo's drunken face shows stupid grief and remorse, and the crowd mocks it.read · scan
- p. 293–294Lucia turns pale and drops her needlework on hearing of Renzo's escape; Agnese hides her distress.read · scan
- p. 377His thoughts pass over his face like clouds across the sun; grief at Lucia's suffering.read · scan
- p. 580Grief in the nurse's countenance; her fixed gaze at heaven.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 276Grief pictured in her, smiling only on seeing her work again.read · scan
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1287The sailor's heart has secret currents of pleasures and griefs that drift the will from its course.read · scan
Robert Browning, A Blot in the 'ScutcheonVol. 18
- p. 381–382His agitation makes him fail at hiding his distress from Guendolen.read · scan
Hippolyte Taine, Introduction to the History of English LiteratureVol. 39
- p. 421Vivid or faint impressions, quick or slow action, determine the whole system of passion.read · scan
Frank Aretas Haskell, The Battle of GettysburgVol. 43
- p. 378Men grow pale and hold their breath at the sight of the advancing enemy.read · scan
- p. 381Haskell feels a great passion that blanches the face and sublimes every sense.read · scan
- p. 391Meade's face lights with gratified surprise and incredulity; he checks a gesture but cheers, while his son cheers heartily.read · scan
1c.Memory and imagination of passions not presently felt
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 211Pliny pours out grief, vividly imagining he hears and embraces Verginius.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 170–171Joy, sorrow, fear and desire are remembered without being felt, or joy recalls sorrow, puzzling how mind and memory differ.read · scan
- p. 171The four perturbations, desire, joy, fear and sorrow, are recalled and defined from memory without disturbing him.read · scan
- p. 176–177Past joy is recalled with disgust or longing depending on what it was joy in.read · scan
- p. 186Recalls tears shed at the Church's psalmody after his conversion.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 98Horror at the serpents makes Dante's blood shrink in memory, and the sinners run in fear.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 200He fears that recalling his misfortunes only adds new ones to the old, and asks that his doleful narration not be interrupted.read · scan
Samuel Johnson, Preface to ShakespeareVol. 39
- p. 222–223Tragic feeling arises from lamenting the possibility of misery, as a mother weeps over her babe, not from believing the evils present.read · scan
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingVol. 37
- p. 299Actual anger or love differs from merely thinking of those emotions.read · scan
- p. 301–302A mild man cannot conceive revenge or cruelty; a selfish heart cannot conceive generous friendship.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 15–17The poet recalls youth's deep rapture, hate and love, joy so deep it was pain.read · scan
William Wordsworth, Prefaces to Various Volumes of PoemsVol. 39
- p. 277–278Poet is moved by absent things as if present and can call up passions resembling those of real events.read · scan
1d.The ruling passion and the excess of passion
See also: Madness 6d · Family 9d
Aeschylus, The Libation-BearersVol. 8
- p. 118–119Orestes is torn between exultation and wailing, then seized by madness and terror at the visions of Gorgon shapes.read · scan
- p. 120Orestes is overcome by terror and distraction, seeing his mother's hell-hounds while the chorus sees none.read · scan
Aeschylus, The FuriesVol. 8
- p. 134–136Their binding hymn brings frenzy, madness and wasting fire to the soul.read · scan
Aeschylus, Prometheus BoundVol. 8
- p. 186–188Io cries out in frenzy and misery at her wanderings and the gadfly's sting.read · scan
- p. 196–197Io breaks out in frenzy, fear and agony.read · scan
The Book of JobVol. 44
- p. 77–78Job admits rash words due to vexation and terror.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 248Poisoned by the Fury, Amata passes from plaintive argument into frenzied rage.read · scan
- p. 350–353Love, anguish, wrath, grief, despair and shame drive Mezentius to madness.read · scan
- p. 406–412Rage, shame, sorrow and jealous love overwhelm Turnus until reason slowly regains sway.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 123Madness of Athamas and grief of Hecuba show passion overwhelming reason, comparable to the rage of damned souls.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 217The castellan's frenzy, believing himself a bat, contrasts with Cellini's angry defiance.read · scan
- p. 222The castellan's frenzy leads him to attempt flight from the tower.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 194–195The goatherd tells of the gentleman who fled into the mountain, beating a shepherd and taking food, a sign of frenzy.read · scan
- p. 195–197The stranger's fits of fury against the traitor Fernando, then tears and courtesy when calm, show passion overturning him.read · scan
- p. 206–207Cardenio falls sad and silent, then is seized by madness; Don Quixote flies into choler at the slander of Queen Madasima.read · scan
- p. 239Cardenio describes grief and madness overpowering him, asking wise men to meet his misrules with compassion rather than anger.read · scan
- p. 244Cardenio describes the assaults on his heart and the confusion of his thoughts as he hides and watches.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 22–25Edward's sorrow is compared to an anvil beaten by Cyclops' hammers, making him frantic; Lancaster wonders at such passions.read · scan
- p. 29–31The queen remarks how passionate the king is, his mind running on his minion.read · scan
- p. 66–68Edward's outrageous passions of rancour and disdain, sorrow and lament.read · scan
- p. 68–72Grief makes him lunatic; he sends a tear-wet handkerchief to the queen.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 240–241Lear prays not to go mad, begging heaven to keep him in temper.read · scan
- p. 258Lear struggles against weeping and impotent rage, fearing madness.read · scan
- p. 258–262Lear fears he will go mad as his heart breaks with grief.read · scan
- p. 267–269Lear says the tempest in his mind blots out bodily feeling; he flees the thought of filial ingratitude lest madness follow.read · scan
- p. 269–270Lear's rage and grief at his daughters' ingratitude, tipping toward madness.read · scan
- p. 271Gloucester says grief has crazed his wits; Lear's wits begin to unsettle.read · scan
- p. 293–296Lear's raving, weeping and violent fantasies of killing; the gentleman pities a king reduced to such a sight.read · scan
- p. 299–300Gloucester wishes he were mad so thoughts might be severed from his griefs.read · scan
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Philaster, or Love Lies A-BleedingVol. 47
- p. 704–708Philaster is distracted and near mad with grief, wishing nature had made medicine for a troubled mind.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 834–835Ferdinand's madness: delusion of transformation into a wolf, fear of his shadow.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 352Weak passions bring dullness, indifferent ones giddiness, vehement ones madness; thoughts are scouts to the desires.read · scan
- p. 353Madness is excess of passion such as pride, rage, dejection and fear; the passions tending to evil are degrees of the same.read · scan
- p. 354–355Madness is too much appearing passion, as wine shows, removing dissimulation; the tragedy of Andromeda cured by winter.read · scan
Robert Herrick, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 334–336The mad maid's grief and distraction.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 369By nature highly passionate, but inclined to resist the excesses of passion.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 105Felix's soul is torn by love, hate, fear and pain, each passion raging.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, Minor WorksVol. 48
- p. 411–412Love and ambition are the passions best suited to man; one can hold only one great passion.read · scan
- p. 416–417A passion is kept alive by leaving no void in the mind; soon exhausted when one is sole actor.read · scan
- p. 418–419Passion cannot exist without excess; some passions contract the soul, others expand it.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 84–85Observing a child's predominant passions and inclinations reveals his character.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 319–320We are violent in our affections and confused in life.read · scan
- p. 356–357Partiality is a prodigal passion brought within bounds only by disappointment.read · scan
Alexander Pope, Solitude; On a Certain Lady at Court; Essay on ManVol. 40
- p. 415Love, hope, joy, hate, fear and grief balance the mind; one master passion swallows the rest like Aaron's serpent.read · scan
- p. 422–426Fury-passions turn man into a fiercer savage to man.read · scan
Hymns of the Christian Church: Modern HymnsVol. 45
- p. 561–564Sorrow and stormy passion await maturity.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 88–90Pride is the natural passion hardest to subdue; he would be proud of his humility.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 356–357Minna is alarmed by his absorbed, troubled state; he fears losing his senses.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 193–195Faust's dread and Margaret's terror and madness in the dungeon.read · scan
- p. 197–200Her dread, sorrow and half-mad wonder dominate the scene.read · scan
- p. 200–202Her terror, madness and grief pervade her ravings.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 338–339Critiques Pope's doctrine that one ruling passion explains man, and notes potent passions in the patron.read · scan
Friedrich von Schiller, Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManVol. 32
- p. 254Vigorous ages couple sublime feeling with horrible excess of passion.read · scan
William Wordsworth, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 612–614Abandoned Ruth is driven mad by grief and pain, later finds respite among fields.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 99–101Renzo's rage and Lucia's terror; two powerful passions struggle in a man's mind so none can tell which predominates.read · scan
- p. 254Agitation and perplexity strip the practised rogue of judgment and dexterity, making him pitiable or laughable.read · scan
- p. 463–464Captives suffer despair, grief for lost friends, dread and frenzy that themselves worsen the mortality.read · scan
- p. 577Delirium, despair and frenzy among the sick.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The CenciVol. 18
- p. 301–305Beatrice, after violation, is overwhelmed by horror and delirium, seeing the world defiled.read · scan
- p. 306Beatrice's horror, near-madness and stricken silence after her suffering; she resolves on a vengeance to still her agony.read · scan
Outline · 2 ›