Punishment
‹ 3 · Outline · 5 ›
4.The kinds of penalty inflicted by human authority
4a.Death and modes of execution
See also: Justice 9c · Courage 4c
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 39Aegisthus would have been left unburied and unmourned had Menelaus found him alive.read · scan
Aeschylus, AgamemnonVol. 8
- p. 71–72The Chorus threatens Aegisthus with the people's ban and death by stoning.read · scan
Sophocles, AntigoneVol. 8
- p. 260Creon threatens death for disobedience.read · scan
- p. 260–266Creon threatens impalement of the unfound burier and warns that evil gains bring their own punishment.read · scan
- p. 267Creon vows both sisters shall not escape a shameful doom.read · scan
- p. 276–281Creon condemns Antigone to be immured alive in a cave, leaving food so the city escapes blood guilt.read · scan
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 24Sacrificing an unsealed beast is punished by death.read · scan
- p. 36Killing a sacred animal wilfully is punished by death; killing an ibis or hawk always.read · scan
- p. 87–88Death penalty for failure to declare an honest way of living.read · scan
Euripides, The BacchaeVol. 8
- p. 379–381Pentheus vows the stranger be judged, stoned and made to weep blood; Cadmus cites Actaeon's death as warning.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 287The traitor Metius is dragged apart by steeds by Tullus' doom.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 403–404Enemies who refused his rule are brought and slain.read · scan
- p. 414–415Crucifixion demanded for an innocent man while an insurrectionist is released.read · scan
- p. 415Jesus crucified between malefactors; one acknowledges receiving the due reward of his deeds.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 438–439Stephen is stoned to death by the enraged crowd after his speech.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 162–163Tribunes condemn Marcius to be thrown from the Tarpeian rock; bloodshed is averted by referring the matter to a vote.read · scan
Plutarch, DemosthenesVol. 12
- p. 202Antiphon and the priestess Theoris are convicted and executed on Demosthenes' accusations.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 235Cicero has the conspirators taken from custody and executed, announcing 'They did live'.read · scan
Plutarch, CaesarVol. 12
- p. 264Caesar crucifies the pirates as he had threatened, after the greedy governor Junius declines to act.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 336Antony kills Hortensius on his brother's tomb and executes the freedman who stole the funeral money.read · scan
- p. 349Antigonus of Judaea beheaded, the first king so punished.read · scan
- p. 384–385Theodorus is convicted of theft and crucified.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 252–253Exile for incest and the burial alive of the Vestal chief as exemplary severity.read · scan
- p. 253Cornelia is executed by live burial for alleged violation of her vow.read · scan
- p. 319Senators split over acquittal, banishment or death for the freedmen of the murdered Afranius Dexter.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 997–998Penalties for war against God, brigandage and theft: slaughter, crucifixion, mutilation, banishment; hell for unbelievers; repentance spares.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 201Cormac has the child put in a pit to die; the thralls' pity spares her.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 6–7He slays the adulterous pair on the spot with his sword.read · scan
- p. 35The king orders the treacherous minister put to death.read · scan
- p. 52–53The king kills the enchantress by sword after tricking her into restoring the city.read · scan
- p. 64–65The lady threatens beheading for the guests who broke the covenant against prying; the porter pleads for mercy.read · scan
- p. 65–66Guests' lives are forfeit unless they tell their stories.read · scan
- p. 77The 'Efrit mutilates and beheads the lady for supposed unfaithfulness and threatens the prince with some injury.read · scan
- p. 109–110The husband condemns his wife to be cleaved in two for breaking her oath and being unfaithful to the laws of love.read · scan
- p. 117–118The gallows and executioner are readied for whichever man confesses to the killing, and the rope is moved from neck to neck.read · scan
- p. 118The executioner keeps shifting the rope to each new confessor, ready to hang one man for the death.read · scan
- p. 162Ten men are chained and beheaded at the Caliph's command; the barber is swept along among them.read · scan
- p. 216–217The Khalifeh threatens crucifixion or pardon depending on whether the damsel sings well.read · scan
- p. 225–226Nur-ed-Din is beaten, imprisoned and condemned to public beheading by the Wezir, while the jailer secretly shows kindness.read · scan
- p. 227–228Nur-ed-Din is paraded as a forger and readied for execution.read · scan
- p. 230The enemy Wezir is beheaded by Mesrur after Nur-ed-Din declines to strike, and he admits acting according to his nature.read · scan
- p. 275–277Sindbad kills the drunken old man with a stone, invoking that no mercy of God be on him.read · scan
- p. 415The Moor's body is ordered burned and the ashes scattered as retribution.read · scan
- p. 427–428The robbers kill Kasim with scimitars as an intruder.read · scan
- p. 430–431The robber captain decrees that any spy who fails, even through error of judgment, shall die.read · scan
- p. 433The captain executes the spies whose failure caused the mistakes, as he had decreed.read · scan
Songs from the Elder EddaVol. 49
- p. 412–414Gunnar is cast into a pit of venomous serpents; Gudrun invokes Atli's broken oaths.read · scan
The Song of RolandVol. 49
- p. 137–138Ganelon's treason is foretold to meet doom: judged at Aix, deprived of life and limb with thirty kinsmen.read · scan
- p. 189–190Thierry adjudges Ganelon to die on the gallows as a perjured traitor.read · scan
- p. 193–194Ganelon torn apart by four horses; thirty kinsmen hanged as bailsmen; the traitor's guilt atoned in blood.read · scan
The Story of the Volsungs and NiblungsVol. 49
- p. 269–270King Siggeir devises the worst death for his captives, walling them alive in a divided barrow.read · scan
- p. 345–346Vingi the betrayer is killed by axe-hammers.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 328–329Boethius was cruelly put to death by Theodoric on real or pretended suspicion of conspiracy.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 17–18Twenty soldiers who fired the abbey are hanged at once.read · scan
- p. 71Victims are executed by the mob as if traitors to the king and realm.read · scan
- p. 78–79Rebel leaders Ball, Straw and Tyler are beheaded and their heads set on London Bridge; traitors threatened with death.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 116–118Marie Hamilton is condemned to die after drowning her illegitimate baby by a Stewart.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 215Offenders yielded are punished with death or bondage.read · scan
- p. 215Those who opposed surrender are put to death; other soldiers punished with bondage.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 110The false coiner and the Genoese thief are hanged and the accomplice sent to the galleys.read · scan
- p. 132–133The Pope, misinformed that Cellini murdered Tobbia, orders him hanged on the spot.read · scan
- p. 223–224The Pope was condemned to beheading for forgery; the castellan threatens to hang accomplices.read · scan
- p. 308He demands the stake for Caterina and her mother.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 301Those with nothing to stay upon turn thieves until the gallows consume them.read · scan
- p. 363Felons are hanged; torture is abhorred in England; traitors are drawn, hanged, quartered and disemboweled.read · scan
- p. 363Describes hanging, beheading of nobles, hanging in chains for murder, and cutting off the right hand for manslaughter.read · scan
- p. 364Catalogues felonies and their harsh penalties: burning, boiling, ear-cutting, branding, pillory for perjury and poisoning.read · scan
- p. 366Describes hanging of thieves and witches and the Halifax gibbet, a beheading engine for petty theft.read · scan
- p. 368Murders and robberies contrary to law are severely punished.read · scan
Edward Haies, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage to NewfoundlandVol. 33
- p. 279Treason is punished by execution; slander of the Queen by loss of ears and confiscation.read · scan
Francis Pretty, Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the WorldVol. 33
- p. 204A gibbet at Port St. Julian marks where Magellan executed disobedient and rebellious men.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 42–43Barons condemn Gaveston to death by beheading or hanging as the country's cause.read · scan
- p. 43Barons refuse delay and intend to execute Gaveston, sending his head to the king.read · scan
- p. 43–47Warwick, by policy, seizes Gaveston from Pembroke's men to execute him for his country's cause.read · scan
- p. 54–56Edward orders Warwick and Lancaster beheaded and Mortimer imprisoned in the Tower for traitors.read · scan
- p. 59–60Executions of rebels are reported and a reward is proclaimed for Mortimer's capture.read · scan
- p. 63–65Spencer sent to the block; pursuers are rewarded.read · scan
- p. 73–74Favourites are hanged and Mortimer proposes despatching the captive king.read · scan
- p. 78–79Mortimer plans the messenger's murder and to shift blame onto Matrevis and others.read · scan
- p. 87Traitor to be drawn on a hurdle, hanged and quartered.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of MacbethVol. 46
- p. 322–325Duncan sentences the traitor Cawdor to death.read · scan
Nathaniel Ward, The Body of LibertiesVol. 43
- p. 79–81Lists capital offenses punished by death: idolatry, witchcraft, blasphemy, murder, adultery, bestiality, man-stealing.read · scan
- p. 81–83Death for false witness aimed at taking life, and for rebellion or treason.read · scan
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Philaster, or Love Lies A-BleedingVol. 47
- p. 731The King has sent the headsman to put Philaster to deathread · scan
- p. 733–734King threatens an axe and blood as a wedding masqueread · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 123Felix orders Polyeucte's death unless he adores the gods.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 215–216Simple, Sloth and Presumption hang in irons near the way.read · scan
George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and PhilonousVol. 37
- p. 257–258Killing in battle or lawful execution is not sinful though the outward act equals murder.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 193–195Margaret, imprisoned for infanticide, awaits execution and begs for mercy from what she takes to be the headsman.read · scan
- p. 200–202She imagines her execution: crowds, tolling bell, the headsman's blade at her neck.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 276–277Jetter is haunted by images of executions, beatings and burnings that destroy all enjoyment.read · scan
- p. 300–301Vansen describes victims hanged, at least in effigy, after the inquisitor has patched together a case against them.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 484–485Jail scene with hangmen, scourges and thieves fit for the string.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 442–443Gessler threatens death for Tell and the boy unless Tell shoots.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 271–272Bakers and monopolists ought to be hanged by due process; the ripe pear must fall.read · scan
- p. 453Four ringleaders of the tumult were hanged.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 62–63Condemned to the gallows for a misunderstood deed; last speech is grantedread · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The CenciVol. 18
- p. 353Camillo brings the sentence and warrant of death.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 277–278The people condemn her to death by fire and jail her in a cell.read · scan
- p. 354The soldier is imprisoned and sentenced to hang, and is granted a last request as a condemned criminal.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 175He spoke against abolition of capital punishment.read · scan
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1307The orphan girl, wrongly convicted of theft, is executed at the foot of the statue.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 80–81Staking, a cruel punishment, is inflicted on the buffoon capriciously, showing arbitrary severity.read · scan
- p. 432A chief hangs a wife and slave for adultery, claiming to imitate English justice.read · scan
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1011–1012Son hanged in chains for robbing the mail; mother condemns the lawyer who killed himread · scan
- p. 1012–1013Hanging, and the desecration of the body on the gibbetread · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 167The murderer is tried by judge and jury, sentenced and shot by twelve men.read · scan
- p. 167–168Indian criminals suffer swift vengeance, chained and shot.read · scan
4b.Flogging and bodily chastisement
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 247–248Antinous threatens Irus with mutilation by Echetus if he loses.read · scan
- p. 291Antinous threatens the stranger with being sent to Echetus the maimer, as the Centaur was mutilated.read · scan
Plato, CritoVol. 2
- p. 39–40Punishment by the city, whether imprisonment or stripes, is to be endured in silence.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 111Husband spares her life at the old woman's plea but has her beaten for her offence, leaving lasting scars.read · scan
- p. 128Confession leads to the sentence to cut off his hand.read · scan
- p. 128–130The executioner cuts off his right hand on the Wali's order; the trooper's compassion spares his life.read · scan
- p. 142The young man's amputated hand and beating marks are noticed, prompting his story.read · scan
- p. 146Beating with mikra'ahs, amputation and scalding oil inflicted on a wrongly accused man.read · scan
- p. 160The barber claims he saved his master from a calamity worse than the broken leg he suffered.read · scan
- p. 170The stripped, painted man is beaten by the crowd, given a hundred lashes by the Wali and banished.read · scan
- p. 173–174The blind men are flogged till insensible and then banished, while the informer keeps his share of the money.read · scan
- p. 174He is given five hundred blows and banished for an unproven crime.read · scan
- p. 180He is savagely beaten, salted and thrown among the slain.read · scan
- p. 209–210The Khalifeh permits the gardener to do what he will to any found at the gate; Ibrahim plans only a slight beating.read · scan
The Song of RolandVol. 49
- p. 155–156Charlemagne has the traitor Gan seized, beaten by kitchen knaves and chained like a bear.read · scan
- p. 187–189Ganelon is bound and beaten while awaiting his plea.read · scan
The Story of the Volsungs and NiblungsVol. 49
- p. 264Siggeir grants prolonged pain in the stocks to Volsung's sons, delighting that they must bear more before death.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 301Idle poor who refuse relief are corrected with the whip of justice.read · scan
- p. 367Lists penalties: whipping vagabonds, pressing mutes to death, branding thieves, staking negligent sea-wall keepers.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 41A lackey thrashes the fallen knight for his insolent words.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 247Cornwall orders Kent into the stocks; Gloucester protests it is a punishment for basest wretches and insults the King.read · scan
- p. 247–252Kent, a loyal messenger, is put in the stocks for serving the king.read · scan
- p. 271Tom whipped from parish to parish, stocked and imprisoned.read · scan
- p. 293Lear says the beadle lashing a whore lusts for the same sin, so punishment is hypocritical.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 919Tapwell imagines cart, pillory and branding for bawdry and receiving stolen goods.read · scan
John Milton, Paradise LostVol. 4
- p. 108Fear of enslavement, custody and arbitrary stripes as the penalty of defeat.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 71Fox is whipped and imprisoned, and welcomes lashes for his soul.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 45Barbers are threatened with fines or public stripes for leaving forbidden locks.read · scan
- p. 452Penalties include loss of bread, fines and public stripes.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 78–79Stocks as penalty for carrying a knife on Sunday.read · scan
Sidney Lanier, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1394–1395Maclean orders ten blows on Hamish's back, one for each tine, until blood flows.read · scan
4c.Imprisonment, the galleys, penal labour and penal colonies
See also: Labor 9b
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 69The Ethiopian king never puts wrongdoers to death but sentences them to embankment labor in proportion to the wrong.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 375Pliny debates returning old convicts to sentences of mines and games or leaving them in public service.read · scan
- p. 376–377Trajan orders convicts sentenced within ten years back to punishment; older ones put to menial public tasks.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 968–969Adulterous women confined to houses until death; rebels against God enter fire; amendment brings leniency.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 296–298Suleyman imprisons disobedient Jinn forever in brass and lead.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 60–62The archbishop imprisons Ball; Froissart thinks death would have been better.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 142Polylerite felons make restitution and do public labor rather than die, an ordinance preferred over other nations'.read · scan
- p. 142Convict servants are kept working, marked and restricted, with death for money, weapons or flight.read · scan
- p. 142Convicts may regain freedom by obedience and patience, a system Raphael says would profit England more than hanging.read · scan
- p. 207Bondage is the penalty for heinous offences, harsher for Utopians who should know better.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 114More is committed to the Tower for refusing the oath of supremacy, and stripped of his gown.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 114–115The Cardinal threatens to send Cellini to the galleys to make him work.read · scan
- p. 121The Pope orders the chamberlains to seize the chalice or take Cellini to prison.read · scan
- p. 133Pope's anger and threat of arrest force Cellini to flee the storm of official retribution.read · scan
- p. 139Cellini seeks protection from imprisonment or fine through the Cardinal.read · scan
- p. 202–203Cellini is imprisoned in Castel Sant' Angelo for the first time at thirty-seven, near where he killed Pompeo.read · scan
- p. 221The surgeon fears punishment for treating an escaped prisoner.read · scan
- p. 225–226Pier Luigi argues Cellini deserves continued confinement for his violence and threats.read · scan
- p. 277Threat of imprisonment for five years terrifies him, recalling his Roman imprisonment.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 176Condemned men serve the galleys for their offences.read · scan
- p. 176–177Galley sentences and lashings are inflicted for petty theft; the slave jokes of being punished for 'love' of a linen basket.read · scan
- p. 180Students and desperate knaves sentenced to galleys; ten years equals a civil death; heavy chains for the worst.read · scan
- p. 180–181Returning to the galleys, where he hopes leisure to finish his book.read · scan
- p. 469–471The canon assumes the caged man is a delinquent for the Holy Brotherhood.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 12–13Bishop imprisoned in the Tower and stripped of goods as revenge for causing Gaveston's exile.read · scan
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Philaster, or Love Lies A-BleedingVol. 47
- p. 727–731The King sends them to prison; Arethusa asks to appoint their tortures, and Dion says law won't reach death.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 326–327Sir George's anger has Donne dismissed and imprisoned with his friends, though told errors might be over-punished.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 53Prison is so horrible a punishment because it denies diversion and leaves one alone.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 329–330Philip is sent to the treadmill for plotting; Fritz is hanged or turned to the gallows road.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 188–191Gretchen is jailed as a malefactor and reserved for horrid tortures by unpitying humanity.read · scan
William Wordsworth, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 612–614Ruth is imprisoned in her madness, though she is wronged and innocent.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 227–229Where the edict says prison or galleys, offenders should be sent there.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 171–172Hans fears being shut up in the dark hole if caught with the stolen pig.read · scan
- p. 178The peasant is imprisoned on bread and water until he produces the pestle.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Man the ReformerVol. 5
- p. 55–56Courts and prisons make the thief by distrust and keep him so.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 192–193Buenos Ayres used the islands as a penal settlement; population largely runaway rebels and murderers.read · scan
- p. 436Convicts who have offended work in chains under armed sentries.read · scan
- p. 448Assesses convict system as deterrent and reform; the object of punishment is scarcely gained, though it makes men outwardly honest.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 45Island serves as a penal colony; convicts confined in caves and set to public works under taskmasters, weapons kept from them.read · scan
Ernest Renan, The Poetry of the Celtic RacesVol. 32
- p. 151–152Mabon is found imprisoned in a dungeon, lamenting his grievous captivity.read · scan
Treaty with MexicoVol. 43
- p. 304Prisoners who break parole or escape forfeit benefits and may be dealt with under the laws of war.read · scan
4d.Exile, banishment, ostracism and outlawry
See also: Justice 7a · Family 10a
Sophocles, Oedipus the KingVol. 8
- p. 209The oracle demands exile or blood for blood against Laius's slayers to lift the curse of blood-guilt.read · scan
- p. 215Oedipus decrees banishment and shunning of the unknown murderer, and curses him and himself if he shelters him.read · scan
- p. 225–228Oedipus wants Creon exiled or dead.read · scan
Euripides, HippolytusVol. 8
- p. 342–343Theseus condemns Hippolytus, praying Poseidon to slay him and decreeing exile or death for the alleged violation.read · scan
- p. 345Theseus banishes Hippolytus from Athens and all lands under his power.read · scan
- p. 346–349Theseus promises a lingering exile of pain for Hippolytus, worse than swift death.read · scan
- p. 350–351Theseus orders his thralls to drive Hippolytus from the land.read · scan
Plato, The Apology of SocratesVol. 2
- p. 25Socrates refuses to propose imprisonment, fine or exile as a penalty, since he believes he wronged no one.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 344–350Mezentius says exile and lost throne were too mild for his misdeeds, owed to his people.read · scan
Plutarch, ThemistoclesVol. 12
- p. 23–24Ostracism meant to pacify the envious rather than punish the offender.read · scan
Plutarch, PericlesVol. 12
- p. 45Ostracism and trial of Cimon; Pericles prosecutes him only perfunctorily.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 84–85Ostracism was not punishment of crime but relief of envy by ten years' banishment.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 115–116Ostracism, ten years' banishment, is turned on the disreputable Hyperbolus, who was unworthy of a penalty meant for the eminent.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 165Marcius is condemned to perpetual banishment by three tribes' majority.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 244Clodius decrees Cicero's exile, forbidding fire and water and shelter within five hundred miles.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 294Adulterous wife and centurion are sentenced under the Julian law; centurion cashiered and banished.read · scan
- p. 387Pliny asks what penalty should befall exiles who remain in the province after banishment.read · scan
- p. 388–389Trajan orders a banished man who remained in the province sent in chains, since returning him to exile is insufficient punishment.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 205–206Conaire commutes the sentence: marauders are exiled to plunder Alba rather than hanged.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 188–189The Caliph banishes the barber from Baghdad for his talk.read · scan
The Story of the Volsungs and NiblungsVol. 49
- p. 258Sigi is outlawed as a wolf in holy places for murdering the thrall.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 50–51Denis was banished from France and forfeited all for a murder committed in youth.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 224The zealous convert who condemned all other faiths is condemned to exile.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 16The Eight condemn the adversaries and also banish the brothers for six months.read · scan
- p. 30–32The Eight publish a dreadful ban with heavy penalties against anyone harboring Cellini.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 216–220Lear sentences Kent to banishment on pain of death for opposing his decree.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The TempestVol. 46
- p. 399Sycorax was banished for her crimes; Prospero threatens Ariel with confinement.read · scan
First Charter of VirginiaVol. 43
- p. 56Offenders forfeit goods, or are put out of protection and made liable to pursuit, unless they make restitution.read · scan
Jean Racine, PhaedraVol. 26
- p. 168–170Oenone expects Theseus to inflict only light banishment on Hippolytus.read · scan
- p. 174–175Theseus banishes Hippolytus and calls on Neptune to avenge him with death.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 240Suspended and banished for scruples; escape from punishment often comes by committing a greater offence.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 126–128John Highlandman is banished, imprisoned, and hanged; she curses his captors.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 402–403Murderers executed, their sheltering punished by banishment; arsonists outlawed.read · scan
- p. 485John is under the Empire's ban, outlawed and given to his enemies.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 379The colony consists of people of colour banished for political crimes from Ecuador.read · scan
- p. 487Indian convicts are banished for life for murder or for disobeying English laws from superstition, contrasted with New South Wales convicts.read · scan
4e.Fines, confiscation and forfeiture
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 25Eurymachus threatens to fine the old seer.read · scan
Plato, The Apology of SocratesVol. 2
- p. 25–26He proposes a small fine as penalty, and says his accusers are condemned by truth to the penalty of villainy.read · scan
Plutarch, PericlesVol. 12
- p. 58–59Sparta fined its king into exile and sentenced Cleandrides to death for withdrawing.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 81Aristides unjustly condemned for robbing the public, then exempted from the fine.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 126–127Alcibiades is condemned in absentia, his property confiscated, and the priests decreed to curse him.read · scan
Plutarch, DemosthenesVol. 12
- p. 211–212The Areopagus fines him fifty talents and imprisons him for taking bribes.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 259A severe praetor fined a senator for neglect; precedent of severity, once introduced, may be followed even by lenient officials.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 1003–1004Compensation and expiation for killing game on pilgrimage; God pardons bygones but avenges repeat offences.read · scan
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; The Nun's Priest's TaleVol. 40
- p. 26–28The Summoner claims the purse is the archdeacon's hell, though the narrator says excommunication truly slays the guilty.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 305–307Harbourers of vagabonds are fined for each act of succour.read · scan
Nathaniel Ward, The Body of LibertiesVol. 43
- p. 69–70Fines for false pretense of debts and censure of offensive judges.read · scan
- p. 71–72Barrators and false plaintiffs are punished or fined.read · scan
- p. 73–74Offensive behaviour at town meetings may be sentenced by freemen with fines up to twenty shillings.read · scan
The Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutVol. 43
- p. 63–64Deputies and Court may fine illegal electors or disorderly members and displace offenders.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 391People fear human penalties more than God's; magistrates should punish excess, whose fines support government.read · scan
The Instrument of GovernmentVol. 43
- p. 109–110Sheriffs making false returns incur a 2000-mark penalty.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 31The captain finds the stolen goods with a warrant and has the thieves punished.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 413Forfeitures and per-pound penalties enforce wool regulations.read · scan
- p. 422–423Heavy fines and imprisonment penalize exporting trade instruments or enticing artificers abroad.read · scan
- p. 423–424Artificers who do not return forfeit lands, goods and legal capacities, becoming aliens.read · scan
- p. 477–478Penalties for evading injudicious taxes ruin individuals and rise in proportion to temptation.read · scan
- p. 482–483Penalties for concealing lease terms, part paid to the informer, would deter landlord and tenant from combining to defraud revenue.read · scan
- p. 538Forfeitures and penalties ruin the smuggler, while public indulgence and severe revenue laws push him toward violent defiance.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 52–54Poet fined by poacher-court after shooting a partridge.read · scan
- p. 54–56He pays the fee and vows revenge on the game next year.read · scan
William Wordsworth, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 617–620The forfeiture is called a grievous penalty taking half his substance.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 44–45Fines of three hundred crowns or galleys prescribed for wearing the forelock, with exemptions for baldness or wounds.read · scan
- p. 244–245Penalty of three hundred crowns, split with the informer, or five years in the galleys.read · scan
- p. 451Confiscation, fines and galleys threatened at the governor's will.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 351William the Conqueror imposed heavy fines and punishments on those meddling with his game.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 415Buyers and sellers of spirits are punished by fine.read · scan
- p. 425–426Chiefs convene and confiscate the land of a night attacker of Bushby's house.read · scan
Fugitive Slave ActVol. 43
- p. 308–309Fines up to a thousand dollars, imprisonment and civil damages for obstructing or aiding fugitives.read · scan
4f.Shame, disgrace and social penalties
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 67–68The debtor who defaults is denied burial for himself and his kinsmen.read · scan
Euripides, The BacchaeVol. 8
- p. 385–389Pentheus fixes doom on the stranger for false pretence, beginning by shearing his holy hair.read · scan
Hippocrates, The Law of HippocratesVol. 38
- p. 4Only disgrace, which does not hurt the unworthy, penalizes bad medical practice.read · scan
Buddhist WritingsVol. 45
- p. 644–645The higher penalty for Channa: no one is to speak to, admonish or instruct him.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, On Old AgeVol. 9
- p. 60Cicero as censor expelled Lucius from the Senate for a gross, lustful act of cruelty.read · scan
Plutarch, ThemistoclesVol. 12
- p. 10Interpreter executed for publishing barbarian orders in Greek; Arthmius disfranchised with his posterity for bringing Persian gold.read · scan
Tacitus, GermanyVol. 33
- p. 103Adultery is punished by the husband, who cuts off her hair and drives her naked through the village.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 341Cornutus moves that, if punishment is remitted, Certus at least be branded with the senate's displeasure.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 166The husband plots to drag him before the magistrate and parade him as an example.read · scan
- p. 166–168The Wali flogs him, parades him on a camel as an example to adulterers, and banishes him.read · scan
- p. 176The Wali inflicts a hundred lashes and a public parade on a camel, proclaimed as recompense for housebreaking.read · scan
William Caxton, Prefaces and EpiloguesVol. 39
- p. 20Vicious knights were punished and put to shame.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 188Unlicensed travellers are shamed and sharply punished, with bondage for a second offence.read · scan
- p. 207–208Premarital offenders are sharply punished and barred from marriage unless pardoned.read · scan
- p. 229Vicious priests are excommunicated; unrepentant ones are punished by the council.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 307–308Interdict, excommunication and other canon penalties should be abolished or limited to false faith and open sin.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 312–314He devises the forced marriage as vengeance and later admits it was a mistake to brand Micceri with such infamy.read · scan
- p. 399Cellini chooses public ridicule over blows as retribution against the broker.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 364–366Describes penalties for heresy, adultery and manslaughter; author finds public penance too mild and wants harsher sentences.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 178Old man paraded in shame and sentenced to galleys for bawdry and witchcraft.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 220–222A stage was built to punish timorous Mistrust and Timorous by burning their tongues for hindering a pilgrim.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 241Degradation and infamy imposed on clergy are a punishment worse than death, imposed without guilt.read · scan
- p. 272Degrading the innocent nobility is itself a punishment they did not deserve.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 155–157Barbara must do penance in a white sheet; girls plan to strew chopped straw before her door.read · scan
- p. 162–164Social ostracism foretold as consequence of Gretchen's fall.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 190–191Sir Peter says being known to the world will be Joseph's most perfect punishment.read · scan
- p. 192–194The villains are defeated and shamed; Lady Teazle renounces the scandalous college that kills characters.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 124–126The fool was tied up and abused in the kirk for swearing and towsing a lass.read · scan
- p. 228–230He prefers a hearty flogging to the session's penalty and feels oppressed.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 225Legal penalties chiefly strengthen the social stigma, which is more effective than judicial punishment.read · scan
- p. 270Conduct hurtful to others but not violating rights may be justly punished by opinion, not by law.read · scan
John Greenleaf Whittier, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1357–1358Skipper Ireson, for his hard heart, is tarred, feathered and carted by the town's women as public retribution.read · scan
- p. 1359–1360Townsfolk mock and torment Ireson, but pity finally relents and they cut him loose.read · scan
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