Virtue and Vice
‹ 7 · Outline · 9 ›
8.The catalogue of vices and their portraits
8a.Pride, vanity and arrogance
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 25–26Gifts joined with pride and meanness are worthless.read · scan
Aesop, FablesVol. 17
- p. 26Pride and boasting are punished; the humble, yielding reed survives while the proud tree is uprooted.read · scan
- p. 26Boasting of cleverness is shown foolish when tested.read · scan
- p. 30Pride and vanity in borrowed appearance.read · scan
- p. 38Boasting and overconfidence lose the race to the slow, steady tortoise.read · scan
The Book of JobVol. 44
- p. 94The proud, godless oppressor conceives mischief and deceit and is recompensed by vanity.read · scan
Sophocles, Oedipus the KingVol. 8
- p. 228–235Chorus condemns haughtiness in deed or speech and unjust gains and godless deeds.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 407Scribes' pride and greed contrasted with the widow's self-giving.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 108–109Flattery could unnerve him; Socrates exposes the deficiencies of his mind and vain arrogance.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 279Arrogant praisers and blamers steal with their best part, that which produces fidelity, modesty, truth, law.read · scan
- p. 299Better to be just, temperate and obedient to the gods simply, without pride.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 56–57Swelling pride made him err, wishing to be like the orator.read · scan
- p. 115Pride in his own learning contrasted with charity built on humility.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 916–917Pride in walking the earth is condemned as evil and abhorred.read · scan
BeowulfVol. 49
- p. 53Hrothgar warns against pride and greed, urging Beowulf to choose eternal profit.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 204–205The foster-brothers' pride and wilfulness lead them to theft and marauding.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 177His fantasy of cruel pride ends when he kicks over and smashes his glass; he admits it is the result of his pride.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 32Arrogance is condemned; no virtue graces the memory of the proud.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 224–225Saintly boldness is full of fear of God, while wicked men's boldness springs from pride and presumption.read · scan
- p. 266–267Warns against pride and vain confidence, which ruin many; urges humility and modest bearing of received grace.read · scan
- p. 275–276Vain-glory and confidence in virtue are swallowed up before God's judgments.read · scan
- p. 304–305Seeking praise of men deprives a man of true virtues; vanity is the greatest vice.read · scan
- p. 310Vain love of pleasing men shows one is neither truly humble nor dead to the world.read · scan
Sir Thomas Malory, The Holy GrailVol. 35
- p. 122–123The Grail can be achieved only by virtuous living; pride is the head of all deadly sins.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 236Pride is the mother of all mischief that blocks men from the right path; ambition and sedition uprooted in Utopia.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 296–297Papal pride, Lucifer-like, contrasts with Christ's humble example.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 152–153Contrasts worthy conduct with vainglorious boasting, loyalty to a comrade in the right.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 289Condemns folly, vanity, excess and pomp in dress across all ranks.read · scan
- p. 289Vanity and niceness in apparel; men wearing earrings imagine they amend God's workmanship yet disgrace themselves.read · scan
- p. 289–291Excess, pride and wantonness in apparel condemned as vice; merchants commended for retaining ancient gravity.read · scan
- p. 348Ridicules princes' and cockscombs' trifling fascination with fly-and-spider fights as folly.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 127Vain persons and boasters are factious, violent and unproductive: much noise, little fruit.read · scan
- p. 127Vanity is useful yet a defect; well-governed ostentation and modesty are arts of setting oneself forth.read · scan
- p. 127–129Glorious men are scorned by the wise and admired by fools; envy is the canker of honor.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 408–409Breach of equality is pride; observers are modest, breakers arrogant, desiring more than their share.read · scan
Sir Thomas Browne, Religio MediciVol. 3
- p. 320–321Pride is the first and father sin, enemy to charity; he claims to have escaped it despite learning and travel.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 131–132Malice with reason and austerity returning to nature both become proud.read · scan
- p. 151–152Concealing the hateful self does not destroy it; it remains unjust.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 114–115Vain-confidence, a vain-glorious fool, falls into the pit made to catch such fools.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 124–125Interrupting and contradicting others shows pride and self-conceit; pride and ill-nature should be shamed out of a child.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 349Pride and over-fullness of self make men refuse to follow.read · scan
- p. 361Catalogue of vices to avoid: vanity, lasciviousness, pride, drunkenness, revenge, lying, oppression, betrayal.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 391–392Vanity is portrayed as a ridiculous vice: the vain man judges himself better than everyone and is everybody's fool.read · scan
- p. 392Vanity comes of ignorance, confidence and pride, and is unteachable; humility gives sense its beauty.read · scan
- p. 393Pride in providences that should humble is unaccountable folly.read · scan
Jonathan Swift, Hints towards an Essay on ConversationVol. 27
- p. 92Satirizes the faults of talking too much and talking of oneself, driven by vanity and self-importance.read · scan
- p. 93Portrays conversational faults: schoolmates monopolizing talk, the dogmatic officer, and wits straining to be clever.read · scan
- p. 93–94Attacks the wit who dictates, and defines pedantry as obtruding one's own knowledge, a vice found in every walk of life.read · scan
- p. 95–96Condemns impatience to interrupt and dislike of being interrupted, both arising from preferring one's own good sense.read · scan
- p. 96–97Reputation as a wit breeds mutual vanity between wits and admirers, unfitting both for conversation.read · scan
- p. 98Tedious recital of trivial facts, as among the Scots, is a conversational fault; long talking is worse than much talking.read · scan
Jonathan Swift, A Treatise on Good Manners and Good BreedingVol. 27
- p. 99Pride, ill nature and want of sense are the sources of ill manners.read · scan
- p. 101Defines pedantry as overrating any knowledge, greater in trifles; court ushers and dancing-masters are greatest pedants.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 6Vanity is defended as often productive of good, though disliked in others.read · scan
- p. 64Harry's pride, extravagance and idleness contrasted with Franklin's prudent conduct; Bradford's unkindness rejected as an example.read · scan
- p. 88–90Pride persists despite mortification; proposes a united party of virtuous men of all nations.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among MankindVol. 34
- p. 203Preferences bred vanity, contempt, envy and shame, fatal to happiness and innocence.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 274Pride leads to vanity, imaginary wants, hard thoughts, malice and revenge; simplicity and uprightness are urged.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 155–157Vanity and shamelessness blamed for Barbara's fall; Margaret notes her past self-righteousness.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 482–484Maria's folly, vanity and caprice are satirised over her bier.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 142–143The princess's pride and haughtiness lead her to mock every suitor, including a good king.read · scan
- p. 145–146The proud woman repents her pride and haughtiness, confesses wrong, and is forgiven; humbling cures pride.read · scan
- p. 189The sisters' vanity and shallowness end in suicide; the youngest's constancy is rewarded.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 233–234Her shallow vanity and lack of judgment are shown as a moral fault.read · scan
- p. 315–316The needle's pride and conceit make her ridiculous; she despises useful work and breaks.read · scan
- p. 316–317The needle's pride and self-regard persist as she mistakes a bit of broken bottle for a diamond and disdains others' conceit.read · scan
- p. 317–318The needle insists her pride is honorable and that the finer one is, the more one can bear, while remaining self-deluded.read · scan
- p. 355–356The Buckwheat's vainglory and refusal to bow contrasts with the humble, pious bending of the corn.read · scan
- p. 356–357Pride and vainglory are shown as a vice contrasted with humble caution.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 25Self-conceit is an evil of early proficiency; Mill was neither humble nor arrogant.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 109Pride and conceit of converts and sectarians condemned; men should be saved by right doing, not right thinking.read · scan
8b.Envy, malice, detraction and scandal
See also: Honor 9b · Family 10b
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 60The gentleman hates evil-reporting, slander of betters, courage without courtesy, spying mistaken for wisdom.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 103–104Aristides bears Themistocles no malice, neither triumphing over his adversity nor having envied his prosperity.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 192Virtue alone is generally envied, especially when glory attends it.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 196Gave way without envy to those with special talents and helped them gain reputation.read · scan
- p. 206Avoid malignant curiosity, rivalry, envy and suspicion.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 22Envy and covetousness drive the brothers to murder; the narrator answers with forbearance, citing a proverb on benefiting the wrongdoer.read · scan
- p. 32Envy and malice in the Wezir contrasted with the king's loyal gratitude.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 285–286Humility and freedom from envy: the one with fewer gifts should not repine, and should rejoice in lowly place.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 367Bandinello is said to be made of everything bad, judging all by his own badness.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 21–23A man without virtue envies virtue in others.read · scan
Molière, Tartuffe, or The HypocriteVol. 26
- p. 203–204Dorine notes the ridiculous are quickest to slander others to excuse their own conduct; Cleante urges living innocently.read · scan
- p. 281–284Pernelle says virtue is always hated by envious slanderers; Orgon denounces Tartuffe's ingratitude.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 326–327We spy others' faults sharply while blind to our own; malice and lack of charity.read · scan
- p. 345–346Detraction, envy, pride, hatred and malice are vices; dexterity in danger is virtue but courting danger is weakness.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 380Ill nature lessens good actions and begrudges others a good name, coveting their reward.read · scan
- p. 380Envy misconstrues charity as ostentation and virtue as design; basest of tempers.read · scan
Jonathan Swift, Hints towards an Essay on ConversationVol. 27
- p. 94Criticizes buffoons in select company and degraded raillery that ridicules people, and states a rule of never saying what displeases others.read · scan
Jonathan Swift, On the Death of Esther Johnson [Stella]Vol. 27
- p. 124–125She avoided scandal and detraction, scorned coxcombs, and pitied the follies of her own sex.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 92Printers should refuse slander and abuse; honest conduct is not injurious to interests.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 109–110Contrasts the slanderous, envious scandal-mongers with the modest, discreet Amoret, as saints against fiends.read · scan
- p. 110Her wit is ruled by candour, her scorn of folly hidden; her merit silences the envious scandal-mongers.read · scan
- p. 113Satirizes fashionable society's appetite for scandal, hypocrisy and malicious gossip, which cannot be stopped.read · scan
- p. 115–116Lady Sneerwell and Snake cynically trade in slander, relishing the damage to reputations.read · scan
- p. 119–120Maria condemns wit joined to malice and false good nature; Sneerwell defends ill nature as wit's barb.read · scan
- p. 120–121Mrs. Candour spreads scandal while professing forbearance; Maria condemns those who report such tales as equally culpable.read · scan
- p. 121–122Mrs. Candour hypocritically claims to hate gossip while retailing it; tale-bearers are as bad as tale-makers.read · scan
- p. 122–124Malicious gossip about Miss Nicely, believed precisely because of her reserve.read · scan
William Blake, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 587–588Envy, jealousy, and slander poison; passion in you is harmful.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 239Renzo laments how few worthy men there are; the company are called wicked for mocking him.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 69–70The stepmother's envy of the stepdaughter's beauty and lovable nature is contrasted with the girl's goodness.read · scan
- p. 72–73The stepmother's malice contrasts with the girl's obedience and growing beauty.read · scan
- p. 137–138Gifts of virtue, beauty and riches bestowed; spite of the slighted woman brings evil.read · scan
- p. 147–148Envy and pride drive the Queen to murder, while the huntsman's pity spares an innocent child.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, WorshipVol. 5
- p. 284–285We cannot spare the coarsest muniment of virtue; gossip keeps the angels in their proprieties.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 266Eliza's piety contrasts with the Queen's malice and her sorcery with toads.read · scan
- p. 323The Shadow spies out the hidden badness in neighbors and exploits it, frightening towns into fondness.read · scan
8c.Avarice, covetousness and prodigality
See also: Wealth 2b
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 152–153Eriphyle is called hateful for taking gold as the price of her husband's life.read · scan
Aesop, FablesVol. 17
- p. 36Avarice is shown as foolish: wealth unused has no value.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 155Generous superiority to avarice is praised as the virtue that makes him worthy of reward.read · scan
Plutarch, DemosthenesVol. 12
- p. 210–211Demosthenes yields to covetousness and bribery, while the jurors' courage in acquitting him earlier contrasts with this vice.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 322His father's liberality contrasts with Antony's dissipation, drinking and extravagance under Curio's influence.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 249Regulus is portrayed as covetous, vainglorious, prodigal and a liar.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 302Avarice is condemned in the speaker who would not give a mustard-seed.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 28Avarice and prodigality as opposite vices of measure; avarice rules even popes and cardinals.read · scan
- p. 78Avarice reverses moral order, trampling goodness and exalting wicked men.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 142Covetous, insatiable nobles and abbots, a plague to their country, put private gain above the public good.read · scan
- p. 142Covetousness, wantonness, riot and prodigal luxury are condemned as vices spreading through all ranks.read · scan
- p. 196Hoarders and hunters are called foolish and cruel, vices contrary to true natural delight.read · scan
- p. 236Covetousness and money produce wickedness, crimes and strife.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 108Del Nero's suspicion is glossed by the note as irreligious and avaricious, in contrast to Cellini's honesty.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 85–87Riches hinder the march of virtue as baggage does an army.read · scan
Ben Jonson, The AlchemistVol. 47
- p. 567Mammon would corrupt families, buy cuckoldry, flatterers and divines with money.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 110–111Covetousness runs in the family lineage of Demas, Gehazi and Judas.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 327Covetousness is a fault; vice should not correct sin.read · scan
- p. 331Covetousness is the greatest of monsters.read · scan
- p. 331Miser is a common nuisance whose life is self-inflicted punishment.read · scan
- p. 342Money is put first and virtue last in our care.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 257–259Selling known harmful rum for gain shows a hardened corrupt heart, worse than passing counterfeits; true lovers of virtue must suppress it.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 232Prodigality is called hurtful to society, while industry is beneficial.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 302–304The landlord's servility and greed contrasted with the Major's restraint.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 143–144Usury is ironically called a good honest trade; deceit and rapacity are satirized.read · scan
- p. 156–157Sir Oliver condemns Charles as profligate and prodigal for callousness toward his heritage.read · scan
- p. 157–158Sir Oliver sees prodigality and unnatural conduct in Charles.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 85–87Worth lies in honest sociability rather than riches; the greedy miser is condemned.read · scan
- p. 325–327Pitiless hands that took but never gave contrasted with the beggar's clear conscience.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 344The prodigal son's extravagance loses friends who abandon him once poor.read · scan
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1015–1016Villainy and lust of gain in the spirit of Cain; everyone a villainread · scan
Frank Aretas Haskell, The Battle of GettysburgVol. 43
- p. 407–408Condemns the furtive greed of the sightseers and the brutality bred by the rebellion.read · scan
8d.Lust, drunkenness, gluttony and sloth
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 238–239His companions' wantonness, foolish in their own force, brings their ruin.read · scan
- p. 245–246Irus is a bulky, greedy glutton without force or might.read · scan
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 63Cheops' wickedness reaches such a pitch that he prostitutes his daughter for money.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 381Tarchon taunts them as swift to debauch and feasting but slow to manly fight.read · scan
Paul, The First Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansVol. 45
- p. 497Lists of vices (fornicators, covetous, idolaters, drunkards, extortioners) from which believers must separate; the unrighteous will not inherit God's kingdom.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 141–143Thrasybulus accuses Alcibiades of neglect, drinking companions, luxury and excess among courtesans.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 225–226Catiline is bold and restless, accused of monstrous crimes, and corrupts the young with pleasures, drink and women.read · scan
- p. 231Lentulus is a dissolute noble, expelled from the senate for debauchery, who squandered public funds and bribed judges.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 327–328Antony's drunkenness, extravagance and debauchery make him odious to decent people despite his military merit.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 906Lot condemns sexual transgression; Salih warns against the extravagant who do evil in the earth.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 279–281He condemns islanders who love depravity and drinking.read · scan
- p. 341Idleness and disobedience shown as vice in the scapegrace boy.read · scan
- p. 345Idleness and gracelessness are rebuked as shameful.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, PurgatoryVol. 20
- p. 160Belacqua's laziness is shown humorously; the climb grows easier as sin's weight is shed.read · scan
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; The Nun's Priest's TaleVol. 40
- p. 26The Reeve's deceit and the Summoner's lechery and drunkenness are portrayed as vices.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 347Lists vices: carnality, sloth, anger, greed, censoriousness, inconstancy in good resolutions.read · scan
- p. 351–352Lukewarmness and sloth lead men to make excuses to avoid stricter self-watch.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 350Condemns ladies' idle pampering of lap dogs as folly and corrupt concupiscence, wasting time better spent on worthy exercises.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, The Tragical History of Doctor FaustusVol. 19
- p. 227–228Covetousness, Wrath, Envy, Gluttony, Sloth and Lechery each present themselves in a comic personification of the deadly sins.read · scan
- p. 230–231The friars' gluttony is satirised, and Faustus uses magic for idle pranks.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 270Edgar confesses a servingman's lust, perjury, drink, gambling, sloth and greed, warning against brothels and women.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 781–783Lust masks in disguise; women's inconstancy and adultery charged.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 905Marrall's and Overreach's schemes are undone; Greedy's gluttony persists.read · scan
John Milton, Poems Written at Horton, 1632-1638Vol. 4
- p. 47–48Comus's revelry opposes strict virtue, with sour Severity and Age dismissed.read · scan
John Milton, Paradise LostVol. 4
- p. 90Belial embodies lewdness and vice loved for itself, reigning in courts, luxurious cities and corrupt temples.read · scan
- p. 108Belial is industrious in vice but timorous and slothful toward noble deeds.read · scan
- p. 281They are bare of all virtue, like Samson shorn by Dalilah.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 41–42Simple, Sloth and Presumption appear asleep in fetters.read · scan
- p. 42–43Simple, Sloth, Presumption sleep in danger and refuse help; Formalist and Hypocrisy take shortcuts from vain-glory.read · scan
- p. 45–46The others avoid the steep hill and choose Danger and Destruction; Christian struggles up and is roused from sloth.read · scan
- p. 52–53Simple, Sloth, Presumption, Formalist and Hypocrisy typify vices that fail the pilgrim's way.read · scan
- p. 98–99Vices personified as noble lords of the town (Carnal Delight, Lechery, Greedy); sins are great lords.read · scan
- p. 130–131Faith restrains carnal lust; the faithless sell all for appetiteread · scan
- p. 139–140Lists vices like revelling, drinking, swearing, lying and uncleanness.read · scan
- p. 188Worldly neighbors Inconsiderate and Light-mind delight in Madam Wanton, Lechery and Filth, in contrast to Christiana's pilgrim life.read · scan
- p. 216–217Simple, Sloth and Presumption hindered pilgrims, spreading sloth, folly and presumption; their hanging warns others.read · scan
- p. 219Sloth and love of ease lead men to choose the easy dangerous way over the hard uphill road; the slothful man's way is a hedge of thorns.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 35–36Indulgence of bodily pleasure is the root of all vicious actions.read · scan
- p. 168Sloth and laziness produce pedantry and burying authors under notes.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 51–52The young scholar is witty and good-natured but idle, thoughtless and imprudent; a portrait of youthful folly.read · scan
- p. 59–60Meredith is seldom sober; Webb betrays a secret to Keimer.read · scan
- p. 61Meredith's drunkenness discredits the firm; his frank self-judgment is honest.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 331–332Werner accuses the old landlord of vice, saying seven devils replaced one.read · scan
- p. 332–333Werner calls the landlord a fool with devils in him; the landlord protests he has been a friend to the Major.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Tragedy of Faust, Part IVol. 19
- p. 127–129The husband's recklessness, gambling and wandering lusts.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 105–106Satirical sermon portrays Rodrigo as a dissolute gentleman; penitence and conversion mocked as unlikely for such a man.read · scan
- p. 575The ruffians' licentious song and cheer for the pestilence wound the hearts of the survivors.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 167The fox twice rebukes the wolf as a glutton; greed is shown as a vice that brings ruin.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 412–413Gaming, racing, drinking and mistresses still degrade the aristocracy; idleness has the mischief of crime.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 294Fornication and gambling are blameable but tolerated, while profiting from promoting them poses a borderline problem.read · scan
8e.Cruelty, violence and oppression
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 191His men's wantonness and pillaging of the Egyptians bring their destruction.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 153The wicked are proud, covetous, deceitful and murderous, preying on the poor and helpless.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 335–336Plutarch condemns the exchange of victims as savage, guiltier for killing friends, and Antony's wanton arrogance.read · scan
- p. 336Luxury and cruelty bring hatred upon Antony.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 188Regulus is called the worst of rascals and Modestus's vindictive cruelty is condemned; a bad man's credit is as shifty as himself.read · scan
Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus AureliusVol. 2
- p. 216–217Lists degraded characters: stubborn, bestial, childish, fraudulent, tyrannical.read · scan
BeowulfVol. 49
- p. 64Beowulf slew no comrade at ale and was not cruel despite his strength.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 225–226The jailer's kindness contrasts with the Wezir's cruelty and malice.read · scan
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; The Nun's Priest's TaleVol. 40
- p. 21–22The Shipman has little scruple, drowning captives after victory, though skilled and hardy.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 104–106Care's cruelty: cutting out the son's tongue and heart.read · scan
Sir Thomas Malory, The Holy GrailVol. 35
- p. 172–174Lionel is a murderer without virtue and against knighthood; Bors is a true knight of Christ for rescuing the maidens.read · scan
Ambroise Paré, Journeys in Diverse PlacesVol. 38
- p. 32De Guise's humane treatment of enemy wounded contrasted with Spanish cruelty, treachery and avarice.read · scan
- p. 37Spanish cruelty and treachery in breaking faith and killing prisoners in cold blood.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 79–81Lightborn the professional assassin boasts of poisoning and strangling techniques without remorse.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 306Edmund tells the captain that tender-mindedness does not become a sword, ordering a ruthless killing.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 888–890Marrall calls cheating his profession; Overreach shows cruel, cynical greed, striking his servant.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 100–101Jurors named for their vices condemn the good man because he condemned their ways.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 103–104Haughtiness toward servants breeds contempt, oppression and cruelty; gentleness and courtesy are to be cultivated.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 355–356Browbeating the humble miserable is the top of oppression.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 206Meekness and heavenly wisdom are replaced by fierceness and love of dominion.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 177–178Cruelty and crimes committed from sense of perfect safety, not fearread · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 67–68Rich are accused of oppressing God's creatures or rioting in excess, careless of heaven.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 84–85Rodrigo's offer of 'protection' to the girl is condemned as the fullness of iniquity.read · scan
- p. 470–471Soldiers' rapes, violence and cruelty, aided by local villains who guide them to hidden wealth.read · scan
- p. 573–574The monatti's callous, drunken cruelty; they celebrate the plague and urge Renzo to poison their enemies.read · scan
- p. 574–575The monatti's depraved toasts to the pestilence and scornful mockery of the dead show moral callousness.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 300–301Neglect and thoughtless cruelty to a living creature contrasted with late, showy mourning; the faithful Daisy is forgotten.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 272–273Distinguishes self-regarding faults (folly) from moral vices like cruelty, malice, envy and domineering that harm others.read · scan
8f.Treachery, fraud, knavery and ingratitude
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 39Clytemnestra first refused the foul deed for her good understanding; Aegisthus's treachery is a dread deed.read · scan
- p. 154–155Agamemnon condemns women's shameless treachery, generalizing Clytemnestra's evil to all womankind.read · scan
- p. 170Eurylochus's evil counsel wins over the company and undermines Odysseus's discipline.read · scan
- p. 191The Phoenician is a deceitful, greedy knave who betrays the guest.read · scan
- p. 191–194Sailors' treachery contrasts with the king's and his son's kindness to a stranger.read · scan
- p. 233–234Melanthius's insolence contrasted with Eumaeus's loyalty.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 212–214The wicked are said to be estranged from birth, speaking lies, venomous like serpents.read · scan
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 54Alexander's violation of hospitality and adultery with his host's wife are called an unholy deed.read · scan
Aristophanes, The FrogsVol. 8
- p. 439Sins listed include cheating a boy-love, striking a father, perjury, and bad poetry; the initiated are happy.read · scan
- p. 439–449Those excluded are the coarse, the factious, the bribe-taking and the unkind, while the pure of heart are welcomed.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 128The Thracian tyrant betrays trust and guest-right, siding with the strong and breaking every bond of nature and truth.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 450–451Paul denounces Elymas as full of guile and villany, an enemy of righteousness.read · scan
Plutarch, ThemistoclesVol. 12
- p. 23–24Timocreon's verses accuse Themistocles of venality, lying and betrayal of a friend.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 129Treachery and double-dealing among Alcibiades, Phrynichus and Astyochus; Alcibiades cares only about his own return, not the regime.read · scan
Plutarch, DemosthenesVol. 12
- p. 216–217Integrity of Demosthenes is celebrated, while Demades's treachery brings just death; traitors who sell their country sell themselves.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 241Clodius charged with perjury, bribery and debauchery; the judges' venality is exposed.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 384–385The tutors Theodorus and Rhodon betray their charges, one for a jewel and one for Caesar's promise; the thief is crucified.read · scan
Epictetus, The Golden Sayings of EpictetusVol. 2
- p. 120–121The thief, in gaining a lamp, loses fidelity and becomes faithless.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 188Pliny denounces Regulus as abject and infamous, who libelled the dead under tyrants and cringes when afraid.read · scan
- p. 188Regulus is abject where he fears; Pliny declines an ungenerous answer to protect his reputation.read · scan
- p. 226–228Regulus's treachery, perjury and impiety in pursuit of legacies portrayed as vicious.read · scan
- p. 228Regulus's knavery and legacy-hunting contrasted with modesty and virtue; wickedness is encouraged in Rome.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 46Maids condemn the mistress as depraved and unfaithful, and censure the king's carelessness.read · scan
- p. 172The men confess to corrupting women by stratagem and gaining money by fraud.read · scan
- p. 356The sorcerer is condemned as a cursed villain, treacherous and devilish.read · scan
- p. 419The sorcerer breaks his oath and treacherously strangles the woman who obeyed him.read · scan
The Voyages to VinlandVol. 43
- p. 17Freydis's deceit and greed contrast with the brothers' good faith.read · scan
- p. 17Freydis deceives, incites and orchestrates the murder of the brothers and their men through false accusation and taunts.read · scan
The Song of RolandVol. 49
- p. 106–107Ganelon slanders Roland's boastful pride and begins to plot his betrayal with Blancandrin.read · scan
- p. 107–108Ganelon and Blancandrin pledge faith to plot Roland's death; Ganelon's disloyalty toward his own comrade.read · scan
- p. 110–112Ganelon, accepting Marsil's gifts and apology, feigns loyalty while the villainous treason is planned.read · scan
- p. 112–114Ganelon swears on relics to betray Roland for gifts, crowning his guilt.read · scan
- p. 114–115Ganelon sells his loyalty, sealing the pact with kisses and hurrying away with the bribes.read · scan
- p. 144–145Climorin is faithless, plighted in perfidy to Gan; Valdabrun profaned the temple and slew the patriarch.read · scan
- p. 148–149Abime, a felon who prizes treason and murder over gold, is contrasted with the brave and true archbishop.read · scan
- p. 153–154Ganelon's treachery: he lies and mocks Roland's pride to prevent Karl's return, while Naimes sees through the betrayal.read · scan
The Story of the Volsungs and NiblungsVol. 49
- p. 326–327Gunnar and Hogni plot treacherous murder of Sigurd through the young Guttorm, despite recognizing the betrayal.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 45Fraud breaks the bond of love that nature makes and leaves a sting in conscience.read · scan
- p. 89The sinner and the demons show guile, fraud and cruelty; Gomita is a vessel of all guile.read · scan
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; The Nun's Priest's TaleVol. 40
- p. 25–26The Miller is a thieving, brawling, coarse rogue who steals corn and tolls thrice.read · scan
- p. 44The fox is condemned as a false traitor, like Judas and Sinon.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 102–104Care is a traitor who deceives the lady and demands her surrender and submission.read · scan
- p. 146–148John swears to be the worst servant, plotting to repay the sheriff, and gives generously with the wine.read · scan
Niccolò Machiavelli, The PrinceVol. 36
- p. 31Treachery and butchery are presented as wickedness, with Vitellozzo his master in villainy as in valour.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 28Cellini distinguishes worthy goldsmiths from thieving, hypocritical, jealous ones who robbed him.read · scan
- p. 195Ingratitude, back-biting and debt-dodging appear as vices in Rosso, contrasted with Cellini's benefits to him.read · scan
- p. 209–210The friar betrays Cellini's boast, stealing wax for false keys and abusing the castellan's kindness.read · scan
- p. 335–336Ascanio is called a thief, hypocrite and traitor; the treasurers are rascals; Cellini calls on him to show a man's prudence.read · scan
- p. 360Contrasts his honesty with the scoundrel Bernardone's deceit.read · scan
- p. 391–392Contrasts the honest, talented man with the miserable rascal who profits by cringing and ribald flattery.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 303Their lewdness, deceit and froward disposition are condemned as wicked and detestable.read · scan
- p. 304The catalogue of vagabond orders is offered to show what wicked, villainous people they are.read · scan
- p. 327Denounces the knavery and deceit of horsekeepers and drovers who sweat horses to disguise disease and cheat buyers.read · scan
- p. 328Condemns traitorous merchants who seek private gain at the cost of their country.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 195–197He denounces Fernando as harbouring all evils, chiefly fraud and deceit, and accuses him of treason and untruth.read · scan
- p. 240–241Cardenio denounces Don Fernando as a traitor like Catiline and Judas for betraying his friend's trust.read · scan
- p. 241–242Fernando's false pretext to send Cardenio away for money shows his treachery.read · scan
- p. 328Camilla's constancy and integrity give way; Lothario betrays his friend.read · scan
- p. 387The Turk hangs the Saracens who brought the head, repeating the proverb that the treason pleases but the traitor is hated.read · scan
Edward Haies, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage to NewfoundlandVol. 33
- p. 285–286Better men repair the ships while others plot to steal ships, desert, and rob.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, Preface to the History of the WorldVol. 39
- p. 85Ferdinand's craft, faithlessness and betrayal of kindred princes and promises.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 78–79Cunning treachery and murder plotted to evade blame.read · scan
- p. 82–83Lightborn feigns comfort, and Matrevis plans to dispose of him after the murder; treachery on all sides.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 246–247Kent hurls a catalogue of vices at Oswald: knave, coward, pandar, servile flatterer.read · scan
- p. 298Oswald, duteous to his mistress's vices, seeks reward for killing Gloucester; Edgar calls him a serviceable villain.read · scan
- p. 306–310Edgar denounces Edmund as false to his gods, brother and father, a toad-spotted traitor.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The TempestVol. 46
- p. 399Prospero's boundless trust awoke an evil nature in his perfidious brother, falsehood as great as trust.read · scan
Ben Jonson, The AlchemistVol. 47
- p. 541Argument shows cheaters and their punk swindling many people with false fortune-telling and bawdry.read · scan
- p. 543Face and Subtle trade abuse, exposing each other's rascality, cozening and bawdry.read · scan
- p. 543Confederates rail at each other's cheating tricks, thieving and imposture, threatening exposure.read · scan
- p. 543Cheaters exchange insults and threats of the law; Dol denounces their cozening of each other.read · scan
- p. 543–549Rogues resolve to cozen together heartily and mock sober neighbours; they plan new gulls.read · scan
- p. 550–551Face and Subtle stage a deception to gull Dapper into paying for a spirit to win at gambling.read · scan
- p. 552–553Face and Subtle feign reluctance to draw Dapper's money for a familiar to win at games.read · scan
- p. 553The confederates flatter and fleece Dapper with feigned reluctance and invented fairy kinship.read · scan
- p. 553Face and Subtle extract more money from Dapper, inventing ceremonies and the Queen of Fairy as his aunt.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 762Bosola is bribed as a spy; he calls the role devilish, says bounty makes him a villain and the devil candies sins.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 876Overreach declares friendship is but a word and cares not if Greedy hangs or is damned.read · scan
- p. 888Marrall's servile flattery and self-interested cozenage are exposed as knavery by Wellborn's aside.read · scan
- p. 920Wellborn condemns Tapwell and Froth as unthankful knaves and bawds; Greedy is a venal magistrate.read · scan
- p. 938–941Wellborn condemns Marrall: one false to an unjust master will be true to none; his conscience is his prison.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 123Polyeucte accuses the pagan gods of crimes, theft, murder and incest, and Felix of lying and flattery.read · scan
Molière, Tartuffe, or The HypocriteVol. 26
- p. 291–293Tartuffe's treachery and ingratitude are exposed as perfidy masked by piety.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 91–92The Fair displays cheats, thefts, murders, adulteries and lusts as the wares of vice.read · scan
John Dryden, All for Love; or, The World Well LostVol. 18
- p. 88Alexas is denounced as traitor and impostor for driving Cleopatra into crooked paths of jealousy.read · scan
- p. 88–90Alexas is the fawning traitor seeking to save himself; Serapion is honest counselor.read · scan
John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationVol. 37
- p. 114Lying is the mother of many vices.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 376Integrity is the best way of avoiding the old vice of deceit, used even to betray friends.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 31Two women prove thieves and are punished; Franklin's obliging conduct wins him a friendly moral warning.read · scan
- p. 40–41Keith and Riddlesden shown as knaves and rascals, contrasted with the loyal friendship Franklin gains from Hamilton.read · scan
- p. 49–50Rogers is a worthless fellow, though a good workman, who runs into debt and flees.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 329–330Former servants' rascality and theft contrasted with honest Just; thievery, plotting and debts lead to punishment.read · scan
- p. 342–343Werner repeats that only a rascally soldier misleads a young girl.read · scan
- p. 348–349Riccaut cheerfully defends cheating as 'correcting fortune'; Minna and Franziska recoil at the knave she has helped.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 167–169Joseph feigns integrity and sympathy while betraying his friend; Sir Peter deplores ingratitude as double injury.read · scan
- p. 187–188Lady Sneerwell and Joseph, confederates in roguery, quarrel over failed scheming and Joseph's attempt to seduce Sir Peter's wife.read · scan
- p. 188–189Joseph calls himself a confederate in evil and trusts his better character over Charles's.read · scan
- p. 190–191Sir Oliver finds Joseph destitute of truth, charity and gratitude; Sir Peter calls him mean, treacherous and hypocritical.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 56–58He hopes she has his spirit without his failings, and warns girls against a rake's feigned feeling.read · scan
- p. 136–137Seducer who betrays innocent youth is condemned as villain lost to honour, virtue and conscience.read · scan
- p. 419–421Traitors hired for wages contrasted with loyal valourread · scan
- p. 499–501Satiric epitaphs damn a knave, a swearing buck, and a shammed marquis; looks reveal a knave.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 107–108Rodrigo and Griso plot the abduction and minor villainies, called detestable villains, to escape detection.read · scan
- p. 180Narrator ironically pities Griso, a villain, rewarded ungratefully, noting people judge according to merit.read · scan
- p. 254The notary is called a matriculated knave whose cunning fails him when flustered; knaves should keep their composure.read · scan
- p. 539–540Griso treacherously betrays his master, bringing the monatti to carry him off and plunder him, while feigning service.read · scan
- p. 540–541Griso's faithless treachery and the monatti's plunder of the helpless dying master show avarice and betrayal.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The CenciVol. 18
- p. 301Orsino says sacred names profane those who betray them: corrupt priest, judge, friend and tyrant father.read · scan
- p. 337Giacomo denounces Orsino as villain, liar, traitor and coward for leading him on to crime.read · scan
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 986Fealty and nobility are betrayed by Bedivere's deceit, which Arthur says betrays his nature and name.read · scan
- p. 986Arthur charges Bedivere with lust of gold and the giddy pleasure of the eyes; unknightly betrayal.read · scan
- p. 1016–1017Commercial dishonesty and murderous greed as moral corruptionread · scan
William Makepeace Thackeray, Jonathan SwiftVol. 28
- p. 18Swift's apostasy put out to hire is honest in its badness; he deserved to suffer.read · scan
Robert Browning, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1067–1069A renegade's lost soul is a triumph for devils and sorrow for angels.read · scan
8g.Hypocrisy and cunning
See also: Hypocrisy 5d · Religion 11a · Charity 2c
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 60–61Confucius hates spying mistaken for wisdom, rudeness mistaken for courage, and evil speaking cloaked as honesty.read · scan
Aesop, FablesVol. 17
- p. 21Fickle double-dealing earns rejection from both sides.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 148The wicked are deceitful, flattering and bloodthirsty, contrasted with the righteous whom God blesses.read · scan
- p. 206–207The deceitful, evil-loving boaster is condemned, while the righteous is like a green olive tree; all are corrupt, none do good.read · scan
- p. 208Smooth deceitful words hide a heart of war; violence and guile fill the city.read · scan
Euripides, HippolytusVol. 8
- p. 323–326Nurse's expedient wisdom clashes with Phaedra's condemnation of it as foul and sinful.read · scan
- p. 331Hippolytus condemns women's guile and the corruption they spread, preferring dull simplicity to clever wickedness.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 385Pharisees clean the outside while inwardly full of extortion and wickedness; inner purity matters, shown by alms.read · scan
- p. 386Woes on Pharisees for hypocrisy, love of honors, tithing herbs while neglecting justice and love of God.read · scan
- p. 390–391Synagogue ruler called hypocrite for putting rule above compassion.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 309–310Flatterers get only trivial legacies from an heir who never attended the shows.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 356The boy curses the Moor as a cheat and hypocrite who scorns human kindness, mercy and compassion.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 93–96Hypocrisy is condemned: fair golden outside, leaden within.read · scan
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; The Nun's Priest's TaleVol. 40
- p. 17–18The Friar is called virtuous only where profit is to be had; he flatters and courts the rich.read · scan
- p. 50–51Recklessness and negligence are faulted in trusting flatterers.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 300–301Apparent outward holiness of prelates' lives is said to do greater harm; hypocrisy replaces true spiritual life.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 304Feigned piety and honesty conceal treachery; Cellini is deceived by appearances.read · scan
- p. 305–306Pagolo's feigned piety covers betrayal; he uses religious exercises as a pretext to seduce Caterina.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 178Old bawd claims good intention that all live in concord, never thinking he did ill.read · scan
Edward Haies, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage to NewfoundlandVol. 33
- p. 267Base purposes disguised as religious cause draw divine judgment; Gilbert's zeal is praised.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 205–207The lie is given to ambition, lust, coldness of charity, unkindness of friendship and the neglect of virtue.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 17–18Three degrees of hiding oneself: closeness, dissimulation and simulation.read · scan
- p. 19A general custom of simulation is a vice springing from natural falseness, fear or hidden faults.read · scan
- p. 57–58Cunning as a sinister trait lacking honesty, with tricks of manipulating others in conversation.read · scan
- p. 58Lists petty cunning devices of indirection and stratagem used to manipulate others.read · scan
- p. 58–59Further examples of cunning: turning words against a rival, self-justifying negatives, tales to insinuate, surprise questions.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 27–29Spencer advises hypocrisy and boldness over scholarly piety; Baldock admits outward formality hides licentious villainy.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 247Kent denounces smiling servile rogues who flatter and follow their masters' passions like dogs, wearing a sword without honesty.read · scan
- p. 293Lear attacks feigned virtue that hides lechery.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of MacbethVol. 46
- p. 332–334Deliberate cultivation of cruelty; she urges dissembling: look like the innocent flower, be the serpent under it.read · scan
Ben Jonson, The AlchemistVol. 47
- p. 567–571The stone is said to require a pious, holy man free from mortal sin; hypocrisy exposed.read · scan
- p. 633–634Subtle hypocritically decries the cursed fruits of vice and lust while the rogues gloat over their gains.read · scan
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Philaster, or Love Lies A-BleedingVol. 47
- p. 715–716Courtiers mock the lechery, pretended honesty and repentance of Pharamond and the ladies in bawdy satire.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 756–757Bosola rails at the cardinal's hypocrisy; Antonio says melancholy and idleness breed malcontents and poison goodness.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 908–910Overreach admits worldly men trample fallen kinsmen; his lust and hypocrisy are shown.read · scan
John Milton, Paradise LostVol. 4
- p. 170Milton attacks hypocrites who defame as impure what God declares pure.read · scan
Sir Henry Vane, A Healing QuestionVol. 43
- p. 136–137Self-denying spirit cleansed of hypocrisy and deceit is urged.read · scan
Molière, Tartuffe, or The HypocriteVol. 26
- p. 201–202Hypocrisy contrasted with true piety; Tartuffe's censoriousness.read · scan
- p. 204–206Austerity and prudery are shown as envy and hypocrisy disguised as virtue, not real religion.read · scan
- p. 206–208Tartuffe fools his dupe with a hundred masks of virtue while gaining money and comfort.read · scan
- p. 208–211Tartuffe's gluttony and self-indulgence contrast with Orgon's blind pity, exposing his hypocrisy.read · scan
- p. 211–213Feigned humility and modesty deceive Orgon into charity.read · scan
- p. 245–247Tartuffe's affected piety and modesty mask hypocrisy; he is prudish about a bosom yet sits eagerly alone with Elmire.read · scan
- p. 247–250His pious language is hypocritical cover for seduction.read · scan
- p. 251–253Elmire bargains for silence and demands he stop his unjust influence, exposing his hypocrisy.read · scan
- p. 253–255Damis denounces Tartuffe's hypocrisy and arrogance.read · scan
- p. 255–257His feigned meekness exploits appearances; Orgon is deceived by hypocrisy and dismisses his honest son.read · scan
- p. 258–261Tartuffe's feigned humility deepens Orgon's blind devotion.read · scan
- p. 263–264Tartuffe claims disinterested motives and contempt for worldly goods while grasping the inheritance.read · scan
- p. 272–275A scoundrel uses the language of purity of motive to excuse vice.read · scan
- p. 275–277Orgon denounces the 'holy man' as abominable, wicked, abandoned to temptation.read · scan
- p. 293–295Hypocrisy cloaked in reverence is unmasked; true piety honoured, false detested.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 315–316Saints subtly accuse themselves; casuists subtly excuse the wicked.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 81–82Hypocrisy: he talks of faith but lives badly; saying without doing.read · scan
- p. 82–83Talkative is a saint abroad and devil at home, a churl, railer and defrauder who scorns a tender conscience in his sons.read · scan
- p. 87–88Talkative's covetousness, uncleanness, swearing and lying contradict his profession.read · scan
- p. 88–89Vain, debauched conversation of the talkative contrasts with sincere godliness.read · scan
- p. 102–103By-ends' kindred (Time-server, Facing-both-ways, Two-tongues) satirize hypocrisy and opportunism.read · scan
- p. 103–104Time-serving and covetousness: By-ends' cronies were taught the art of getting by lies, flattery or a guise of religion.read · scan
- p. 105–106Question whether pretended zeal for gain can be honest.read · scan
- p. 106–107Sophistical claim that becoming religious is a virtue by whatever means.read · scan
- p. 107–108Hypocrites, like Hamor and Shechem and the Pharisees, feign religion for greed.read · scan
- p. 205–206Fruitless crops and the robin who swallows sin in private illustrate hypocrisy; health and prosperity make men prone to evil.read · scan
- p. 207–208The rotten tree with fair leaves depicts hypocrites whose words outshine their deeds.read · scan
- p. 218–219Formality and Hypocrisy lost themselves in dangerous paths; transgressors' way is hard.read · scan
- p. 276–277Shame, Talkative and other deceivers are cast as vices met on the way.read · scan
- p. 277–279Hypocrisy and cunning condemned; By-ends came to an ill end and his children were not esteemed by the godly.read · scan
- p. 299–300Allegorical figures such as Flatterer, Hypocrisy and Worldly Wiseman personify vices that lure good men from the path.read · scan
- p. 307–308Personified worldliness with feasting, flattery and cheating.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 374–375Cunning politician portrayed as deceitful, disguised and self-serving, like highwaymen in masks.read · scan
Henry Fielding, Preface to Joseph AndrewsVol. 39
- p. 180Affectation, the source of the Ridiculous, springs from vanity or hypocrisy; hypocrisy hides vices under semblance of virtues.read · scan
Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to ConquerVol. 18
- p. 227–228Miss Hardcastle says an age of hypocrisy condemns in public what it practises in private, praising virtue to pay its debt.read · scan
- p. 228–229Marlow remarks that those with most virtue in their mouths have least in their bosoms.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 200Hypocrisy delights in sublime speculation; such men see no merit in good management or fault in vicious.read · scan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for ScandalVol. 18
- p. 116–118Joseph Surface is exposed as a hypocritical sentimental knave passing for a paragon of prudence and benevolence.read · scan
- p. 118–119Joseph Surface's feigned brotherly charity and moralizing is hypocrisy; conspirators distrust each other's virtue.read · scan
- p. 134–135Mrs. Candour's pretended good nature and moral turn are exposed as hypocrisy; Sir Peter comments sarcastically.read · scan
- p. 137–138Joseph feigns sentiment and moral talk while secretly wooing Maria and Lady Teazle; Maria condemns the company's malice.read · scan
- p. 138–139Joseph's carefully cultivated good character has led him into hypocritical rogueries; Sir Oliver condemns malicious gossips who murder characters.read · scan
- p. 164–165Joseph Surface schemes hypocritically to seduce Lady Teazle while courting Maria and blackening Charles.read · scan
- p. 166–167Joseph's feigned moral sentiments and 'honourable logic' mask seduction; Lady Teazle is caught between temptation and conscience, ruined if discovered.read · scan
- p. 169–170Joseph hypocritically condemns violators of hospitality as pests of society while himself scheming against his friend.read · scan
- p. 170Joseph professes to despise intrigue and scruples at 'mean tricks' while hiding a woman behind the screen; hypocrisy.read · scan
- p. 174–176Hypocrisy of the 'man of sentiment' is unmasked; Charles ironically repeats the praise of sentiment.read · scan
- p. 176–177Lady Teazle repents, denounces Joseph as smooth-tongued hypocrite seducing a friend's wife while courting his ward; Sir Peter calls him villain.read · scan
- p. 178–179Joseph disclaims charity, slanders Sir Oliver as avaricious and feigns pity while giving nothing; Sir Oliver sees him as dissembler.read · scan
- p. 186–187Sir Oliver goes to expose Joseph's hypocrisy and reclaim the libertine.read · scan
- p. 192–194Lady Sneerwell's malice and Joseph's hypocrisy ('Moral to the last!') are exposed and mocked.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 52–54Hypocrisy of the outwardly godly is exposed by wit.read · scan
- p. 70–72Willie's pious pride masks lust and drink; he condemns others' vices.read · scan
- p. 94–96Hypocrisy: a robe of seeming truth hides defamation's dirk.read · scan
- p. 96–98Personified Superstition and Hypocrisy as withered sisters; whores and blackguards among the crowd.read · scan
- p. 98–100Grace-proud pretenders, and a preacher who disbelieves but hums doctrine for a manse.read · scan
- p. 104–106Hypocrisy, greed, revenge and pride in the pious are condemned; honest man may like a glass yet disdains malice.read · scan
- p. 522–524Satirical portraits of gentry and clergy as hypocrites, prodigals and rogues, versus the virtuous Kerroughtree.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 18–19He faults victims and rebukes clergy who protect the oppressed, showing moral timidity and hypocrisy.read · scan
- p. 121Griso, disguised as a pilgrim, leads his bravoes in a stealthy, deceitful break-in to seize Lucia.read · scan
- p. 143–144Signora's mocking, bitter irony ('are we not brothers and sisters?') contrasts with Lucia's humble sincerity.read · scan
- p. 145–146Some nuns are blind, silent or complicit in the dishonest maneuvers; one feels compassion from her own similar experience.read · scan
- p. 173Apparent improvement is only hypocrisy added to her failings.read · scan
- p. 324–325Gertrude, schooled in an infernal school, exploits Lucia's gratitude and modesty to overcome her scruples.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The CenciVol. 18
- p. 337Orsino's hypocrisy and cunning: he plots the ruin of Giacomo and hides behind disguise and false innocence.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, New England ReformersVol. 5
- p. 257–258A partial reformer, good in one particular but narrow elsewhere, ends in hypocrisy and vanity.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 265–266The Queen's wickedness, falsehood and lack of love are shown against the children's innocence.read · scan
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