War and Peace
‹ 9 · Outline
10.The making of peace
10a.Peace as the end of war and the highest good
See also: Law 2b
Aesop, FablesVol. 17
- p. 21A battle averted by peace.read · scan
Aeschylus, The FuriesVol. 8
- p. 162–164Man with man and state with state at concord; the powers are asked to bring victory.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 199–200God makes wars cease, breaking bow and spear and burning chariots while nations rage.read · scan
- p. 237–238God breaks bow, shield and sword, and chariot and horse fall into a dead sleep at his rebuke.read · scan
- p. 307–308Prayer for the peace of Jerusalem; deliverance from men whose wrath rose against Israel.read · scan
Aristophanes, The FrogsVol. 8
- p. 459–460The city is 'rocked and reeling' at sea; all who fight well are welcomed; the demagogue opposes peace.read · scan
- p. 482–487Chorus prays the city be freed from war's anguish and fear, leaving Cleophon and his band to fight in their own land.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Letters of CiceroVol. 9
- p. 84Pompey's despatch gives hope of peace, dismaying his old enemies.read · scan
- p. 142–146Hopes for peace rest on Pompey; anxiety about the state of things.read · scan
- p. 161He urged that any peace, even inequitable, be preferred to the most righteous war; civil war could have been averted.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 80After Rome's conquests, impious war shall cease and the stern age be softened into peace.read · scan
- p. 80Janus's gates close on imprisoned Fury, symbolizing peace.read · scan
- p. 142–145Anchises reasons the steeds foretell war but, being tamed, also peace.read · scan
- p. 239–243Trojans fortify their camp yet send envoys with olive to seek peace; Latin youth train in martial games.read · scan
- p. 243–245Ilioneus recounts Troy's destruction and Trojan wanderings; palace hung with war trophies; Trojans seek peace.read · scan
- p. 268Turnus musters allies and seeks Diomede's aid; the war begins and Tiber promises it will end in lasting peace.read · scan
- p. 389Latinus laments the slaughter and hopes Turnus's death or withdrawal could secure lasting peace.read · scan
- p. 412Peace is made between Juno and Jove, to be sealed by a nuptial bond between nations.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 356–357Deliverance from enemies and guidance into the way of peace.read · scan
- p. 389–390He says he came to bring division, not peace.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 163–164Patricians hope war with the Antiates will distract the people, but a quick peace frustrates them.read · scan
Plutarch, Comparison of Alcibiades with CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 188Coriolanus abandoned the war without securing peace, throwing away the chances of war and betraying the Volscians' trust.read · scan
Epictetus, The Golden Sayings of EpictetusVol. 2
- p. 180The fears are figured as an enemy; the true report is perfect peace.read · scan
- p. 181Contrasts Caesar's peace with God's peace through reason.read · scan
Tacitus, GermanyVol. 33
- p. 115During the goddess's visit weapons are laid away and peace reigns; the Langobards gain security by battle.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 947–948Prepare force and horse against enemies, punish treachery in kind, yet incline to peace if the enemy does.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 306–308Caesar's campaigns and Augustus's world peace, when Janus's temple door was barred.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 242–243Peace in this life lies in humble suffering of adversity, not in feeling none; the peaceable also bring others to peace.read · scan
- p. 267–268Uses war and peace as an image: whoever is oversecure in time of peace will be found fearful and dispirited in time of war.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 100–102Revenge follows at Humble-down; the ballad ends praying that feuds among nobles may cease.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 224Religious strife had let Utopus conquer; the decree aims at internal peace.read · scan
Martin Luther, Concerning Christian LibertyVol. 36
- p. 341–342He claims always to have wished peace, acting vehemently only to put down adversaries.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 91He wishes Christian princes at universal peace rather than mortal wars.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 139The medal's reverse shows Peace burning arms while Discord is chained.read · scan
- p. 267–268The medal's reverse allegorizes Peace setting fire to a trophy of arms; the Duke's peace with the Pope was dearly bought.read · scan
Richard Edwardes, Amantium IraeVol. 40
- p. 201–202Warriors embrace after weary fighting proves their might; rest succeeds wrath.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 373–375Peace is the true end of war and the greatest earthly good, so arms surpass learning.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, Preface to the History of the WorldVol. 39
- p. 77–79Union of Scotland and England ends long war and cruelty, a greater blessing than former conquests and alliances.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 390–391Fear of death, desire of comfort and hope of industry incline men to peace.read · scan
- p. 391–392Fundamental law is to seek peace, yet defend oneself by all means when peace unattainable.read · scan
- p. 407–408Pardon is granting peace; cruelty and signs of contempt provoke fighting, against the law of seeking peace.read · scan
- p. 408–409Men will not enter conditions of peace except on equal terms, so equality must be admitted.read · scan
- p. 411–412Peace preserves life and war destroys it; one who won't observe laws when secure seeks war.read · scan
- p. 412–413Differing judgments of good and evil breed disputes and war; all agree peace is good.read · scan
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the SciencesVol. 34
- p. 26–27In Holland long war has produced discipline so armies serve chiefly to secure the blessings of peace.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 99Jehovah is said to rule battlefields and grant peace and victory.read · scan
John Milton, Poems Written at School and at College, 1624-1632Vol. 4
- p. 7–9Peace descends and stills all war; spears hang idle and kings sit awed at the coming of the Lord.read · scan
Sir Henry Vane, A Healing QuestionVol. 43
- p. 133–134Settlement would bring harmony, love, peace and safety, ending division among the victorious party.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 106The just and strong unite to produce peace, the sovereign good; a strong man armed keeps his goods in peace.read · scan
- p. 110–111Yielding precedence to the man with more lackeys prevents fighting and keeps peace.read · scan
- p. 242Wolf and lamb feed together; none hurt or destroy on the holy mountain.read · scan
Hymns of the Christian Church: Modern HymnsVol. 45
- p. 561–564Promise of peace, no more oppression or war.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 230–231Peaceable first settlement and long freedom from wars are cited as reasons for gratitude.read · scan
- p. 274Christ as Prince of Peace; men afflict and destroy one another when giving way to an evil spirit.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Letter to a Noble LordVol. 24
- p. 420–421Burke insists on war against the regicide French invaders with securities and barriers, and refuses any peace with regicide.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 314–315Franziska remarks that peace should only repair war's ills yet seems to disturb the goods war brought.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Hermann and DorotheaVol. 19
- p. 343–344Rhine as rampart against the French; combatants weary and peace hoped for, to be celebrated with Te Deum.read · scan
William Blake, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 588–591Peace is personified as a divine virtue, with Mercy, Pity and Love, but the poem is not about war or peacemaking.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 236–238Peace bequeaths iron instruments of death to Agriculture, quenching the sprites' wrath.read · scan
- p. 494–496The sailor faces the foe in battle; she prays Peace will end wild war so men greet as brothers.read · scan
Treaty with Great Britain (1783)Vol. 43
- p. 174Preamble to definitive peace treaty: reconciliation, forgetting past differences, perpetual peace and harmony between Britain and the United States.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 825–827Plea that hate, killing and death not return; the world is weary of the past.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Man the ReformerVol. 5
- p. 56–57Love would supersede the diplomacy of statesmen and the impotence of armies and navies.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 460Denounces musket-worship; the gun that needs no other gun, the law of love and justice, effects clean revolution.read · scan
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1311–1313Soldiers' violence in church answered by the Prince of Peace and the plea for forgiveness.read · scan
Andrew Johnson, Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an EndVol. 43
- p. 430–431Peace, order and civil authority declared to exist; military force held ready to enforce laws.read · scan
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 982–983War-drums cease and battle-flags furled in a world federation.read · scan
- p. 1000–1002Fears principles may be rained in blood across the bridge of war, yet knowledge will take the sword away.read · scan
Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln's Second Inaugural AddressVol. 43
- p. 425Calls for finishing the work, binding the nation's wounds, and achieving a just and lasting peace.read · scan
William Makepeace Thackeray, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1060Angels' chorus of peace on earth to men of gentle will.read · scan
James Russell Lowell, PoemsVol. 42
- p. 1388Victory ends the war; armies and navies are sent home and the nation issues no challenge to the world.read · scan
- p. 1390Peace after war's wrath is celebrated as the nation's release.read · scan
Thomas Henry Huxley, Science and CultureVol. 28
- p. 210The educational dispute is figured as armies fighting battles, aiming at a permanent peace.read · scan
Frank Aretas Haskell, The Battle of GettysburgVol. 43
- p. 414The sacrifice of battle is expected to bring a lasting peace.read · scan
Treaty with MexicoVol. 43
- p. 289–290Treaty ends the Mexican War, establishing firm and universal peace and friendship between the two republics.read · scan
10b.Treaties, truces and capitulations
See also: Slavery 8c · State 5c · Race and Nationality 8c · Justice 9d
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 333–334Battle ends as Athene halts the fighting and sets a covenant of peace between the sides with sacrifice.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 245Latinus offers alliance and peace, bidding Aeneas come himself; Trojans' race to conquer the world.read · scan
- p. 355Captives marked for sacrifice, trophies of conquered chiefs; Aeneas grants a truce to bury the slain and blames causeless quarrel.read · scan
- p. 355Aeneas proposes single combat with Turnus to settle the quarrel and restore peace; twelve-day truce made.read · scan
- p. 389Turnus demands renewed truce and single combat to settle the war between Trojans and Latins.read · scan
- p. 389Turnus sets the single combat to decide the quarrel, sparing both armies.read · scan
- p. 389Armies assemble in peaceful order to ratify the truce for single combat.read · scan
- p. 389Aeneas swears terms: if he loses, Trojans yield; peace and claims end.read · scan
- p. 389Aeneas promises equal union under shared laws whether he wins or loses; Latinus swears unbreakable peace.read · scan
- p. 389The truce is violated; Tolumnius throws the first lance, altars are overturned and both armies fight.read · scan
- p. 412Turnus halts the armies to settle the broken truce by single combat with Aeneas.read · scan
Plutarch, PericlesVol. 12
- p. 45Battle at Tanagra and Cimon's peace between the cities after his recall.read · scan
- p. 59–60Pericles subdues Euboea, makes a thirty-year truce, and orders the Samos expedition.read · scan
- p. 63–64Samos surrenders after nine months; Pericles razes walls, seizes ships, exacts fines and hostages; Elpinice rebukes fighting a kindred city.read · scan
Plutarch, AlcibiadesVol. 12
- p. 117–118The deceit ends negotiations and yields an Athenian alliance with Argos, Elis and Mantinea.read · scan
- p. 135–136A treaty with Pharnabazus is sworn mutually; Alcibiades takes Byzantium by feigned departure and night surprise.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 174–175Marcius demands restitution and equal rights for the Volscians as conditions of lasting peace, and uses the truce to conquer cities.read · scan
- p. 185Volscians quarrel with allies, are defeated in pitched battle, lose Tullus and their best soldiers, and accept peace on humiliating terms.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 344Fulvia and Lucius's war on Caesar and Parthian invasion rouse Antony; reconciliation and partition of the empire follow.read · scan
- p. 344–345Treaty with Sextus Pompeius: he keeps Sicily and Sardinia, clears pirates and sends corn to Rome.read · scan
- p. 345–346Treaty completed; Ventidius sent against the Parthians.read · scan
- p. 378–379Embassies negotiate; Caesar refuses Antony and offers Cleopatra favor if she kills or expels him.read · scan
BeowulfVol. 49
- p. 34–36Finn offers a treaty to Hengest's Danes, ending the fight; the peace is kept until vengeance breaks it and Hengest is slain.read · scan
The Song of RolandVol. 49
- p. 98–99Karl, having conquered Cordres, receives Marsil's envoys offering peace, tribute and return to Aix after years of war in Spain.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 58Negotiation over the French king's deliverance, ransoms, and joy in England over the victory.read · scan
- p. 66–67Scots exploit English unrest to bargain harder in treaty negotiations with Lancaster.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 109–110Buccleuch would raze Carlisle in war but, truce holding, restrains himself from harming English folk while resolving to free Kinmont Willie.read · scan
- p. 110–112Buccleuch spares the watchman only because peace holds between the lands; raiders disguise their errand from Sakelde.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 157Councillors devise conquest and treacherous, self-serving leagues and peace treaties bought with gold to serve ambition.read · scan
- p. 210–213Utopians make no leagues, saying nature already sets love between men; princes keep leagues poorly.read · scan
- p. 213Leagues between princes are broken by cavil; Utopians make none, thinking the custom evil.read · scan
- p. 215Utopian conduct of war: faithful truces, sparing crops and the unarmed, sparing yielding cities, charging costs to the conquered.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 334Peace with the Emperor but continued war with the English; times suit fighting more than making statues.read · scan
Captain Walter Bigges, Drake's Great ArmadaVol. 33
- p. 233Governor of Galicia and Drake parley on the water with pledges and agree the English may take water, paying for it; Palma's cannon repel them.read · scan
- p. 236–237English threaten to burn and put to the sword unless the Portuguese governor submits to Drake; a truce messenger and a retreat from abandoned Saint Domingo.read · scan
- p. 242–243Ransom negotiations and the warning that prosecuting the war would force Spain to defend what it holds.read · scan
- p. 251–252Spaniards fortified and hid treasure after warning; English blow up the blockhouse after further ransom bargaining.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of MacbethVol. 46
- p. 322–325Victory over the Norwegians; Sweno craves terms and pays ten thousand dollars for burial of his dead.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 398Prisoners of war and weaker princes making peace from fear are bound to keep their covenants.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 248A marriage to make peace between princes fails, and a mighty army subjects the north.read · scan
John Dryden, All for Love; or, The World Well LostVol. 18
- p. 54–55Antony boasts of a victory over Caesar's troops; Ventidius urges an easier peace, but Antony insists on fighting to the end.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 390–391Treaty terms hold in peace or war between Britain and France.read · scan
Articles of Capitulation, YorktownVol. 43
- p. 169–170Terms of Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown: garrisons become prisoners of war, arms and stores delivered, ceremonial march-out ending hostilities.read · scan
- p. 170–171Surrender terms govern treatment of defeated officers and soldiers: side-arms, private property, rations, parole and prisoners' return.read · scan
- p. 171–172Further capitulation terms: ship for despatches, surrender of shipping and stores, hospitals and wagons for sick and wounded, treatment of traders.read · scan
- p. 172–173No reprisals may justify infringing the capitulation; the surrender is concluded and signed.read · scan
Treaty with Great Britain (1783)Vol. 43
- p. 178–179Firm and perpetual peace: hostilities cease, prisoners freed, British armies withdraw, conquered places restored without compensation.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 466Richelieu's expedition, treaties and negotiations over Mantua and Casale, with threats of force from the imperial commissary.read · scan
Treaty with the Six NationsVol. 43
- p. 229The treaty establishes perpetual peace and friendship between the United States and the Six Nations, removing causes of complaint.read · scan
- p. 230Both sides promise not to claim or disturb each other's lands, securing the peace.read · scan
- p. 231Payments and free passage are given in consideration of making the peace strong and perpetual.read · scan
Treaty with France (1803)Vol. 43
- p. 250The treaty aims to remove misunderstanding and strengthen union and friendship between the United States and France.read · scan
- p. 252–253Troops of France and Spain are to withdraw from military posts on transfer.read · scan
Robert E. Lee, Lee's Farewell to His ArmyVol. 43
- p. 423Lee announces the army's surrender to overwhelming numbers to avoid useless sacrifice.read · scan
Treaty with Great Britain (1814)Vol. 43
- p. 255Treaty ends the War of 1812, ordering cessation of hostilities and restoration of conquered territory and property.read · scan
- p. 256–257Orders to cease hostilities, graded time limits for restoring captured prizes by ocean region, and return of prisoners of war.read · scan
- p. 263–264Both powers end hostilities with Indian tribes and restore their prior possessions and rights.read · scan
Arrangement as to the Naval Force to Be Respectively Maintained on the American LakesVol. 43
- p. 265–266Britain and the United States agree to limit and dismantle naval forces on the Great Lakes, keeping only a few small armed vessels.read · scan
- p. 266–267Britain and the United States agree to limit and dismantle armed naval vessels on the Great Lakes, a mutual disarmament arrangement.read · scan
Treaty with Spain (1819)Vol. 43
- p. 268–269Treaty ends differences between the United States and Spain and establishes firm, inviolable peace and friendship.read · scan
- p. 271–272Troops are withdrawn and claims renounced, in a desire of conciliation ending the differences.read · scan
- p. 272–273Claims arising from military operations in the Floridas are renounced, closing past conflicts.read · scan
Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, Terms of Lee's Surrender at AppomattoxVol. 43
- p. 421–422Grant sets and Lee accepts terms for surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, ending the war.read · scan
Treaty with MexicoVol. 43
- p. 290Suspension of hostilities, lifting of blockades and withdrawal of troops and return of customs duties at war's end.read · scan
- p. 291–292Evacuation of troops and restoration of captured forts, arms and territory after the war, with regard for troops' health.read · scan
- p. 292Prisoners of war are restored and captives held by tribes released after the war.read · scan
- p. 298–299Each party reserves the right to fortify its own territory for security.read · scan
- p. 299–300Regulates supplies for occupying troops until evacuation.read · scan
- p. 303Rules of war protect merchants, civilians, scholars, cultivators, churches, hospitals and schools from molestation and destruction by invading armies.read · scan
- p. 304Prescribes humane treatment of prisoners of war: no dungeons or irons, parole for officers, proper quarters and rations, and penalties for broken parole.read · scan
- p. 305Declares that war does not dissolve the treaty's covenant, which is provided precisely for wartime and binds as sacredly as law of nations.read · scan
Treaty with Spain (1898)Vol. 43
- p. 442–443Treaty of peace ends the state of war between the United States and Spain after negotiation by commissioners.read · scan
- p. 443–444Peace treaty terms: US pays Spain $20 million, repatriates Spanish prisoners of war, and Spain evacuates the Philippines and Guam.read · scan
- p. 444–445Release and exchange of prisoners, disposition of arms and war materiel, and mutual renunciation of war-cost indemnities.read · scan
10c.Mediation, arbitration and peacemakers
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 331–332The Ithacans arm for vengeance while Zeus and Athene decide on a covenant to end strife and restore peace.read · scan
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 46–47Duke Huan gathered nobles without chariots of war through Kuan Chung's might.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Letters of CiceroVol. 9
- p. 135Facing a formidable war, he keeps allied kings loyal and averts hostilities in Cappadocia.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 270Aeneas comes with an olive branch seeking peace and alliance against the Rutulians, threatening universal sway.read · scan
- p. 355Latins weigh single combat with Aeneas, failed alliance against Troy, or peace on hard terms.read · scan
- p. 355Diomedes warns the Latins against war, recounting Greek sufferings after Troy and refusing alliance against Aeneas.read · scan
- p. 355–366Diomedes urges peace; Latinus concedes the war is lost and proposes land and terms of peace for the Trojans.read · scan
- p. 366Drances urges peace by giving Lavinia to Aeneas; Diomedes' refusal of aid and proposal of truce.read · scan
- p. 366Turnus argues against yielding after one defeat, listing allies and resources, conceding peace only if the cause is lost.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 393–394A king outnumbered sues for peace.read · scan
Plutarch, PericlesVol. 12
- p. 54–55Pericles proposes a Greek congress on temples, sacrifices and safe navigation to secure peace among cities.read · scan
- p. 55–56Envoys sent to summon Greek cities to settle peace and regulate affairs; Spartan opposition foiled it.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 98Aristides averts civil strife among the allied Greeks after the victory.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 173–174Rome, besieged by the exiled Marcius, drops its quarrels and sends embassies seeking reconciliation and relief from war.read · scan
- p. 178–179They seek to win Marcius to peace, like the Sabine women.read · scan
- p. 180She urges him to choose amity over hostility and be benefactor of both sides.read · scan
- p. 180–181Notes the uncertainty of war; Marcius yields and sends the women back.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 247He settles Cappadocia without arms and defeats bandits, while civil war looms at home.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 331Antony's act of oblivion prevents civil war, statesmanlike settlement.read · scan
- p. 348Octavia's entreaties avert war between Caesar and Antony; armies meet peacefully and exchange legions and ships.read · scan
- p. 362–363Octavia pleads that civil war between the two great commanders over a woman would be intolerable.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 150–151Her reconciling of enemies and refusal to foment ill will show peace-making in private life.read · scan
BeowulfVol. 49
- p. 53–55Beowulf offers military aid to Hrothgar; Hrothgar notes the two peoples now have peace, refraining from old strife.read · scan
- p. 67A man begs peace from his lord by giving the cup; the dragon desires war.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 205–206Conaire makes peace between two quarrelling fosterbrothers, though it violates his tabu; raiding and burning surround him.read · scan
The Song of RolandVol. 49
- p. 99–100Council considers whether to accept Marsil's peace offer and return to France.read · scan
- p. 101–102Roland urges continued war against Marsil, who has proven treacherous; Ganelon and Naimes argue for accepting peace.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 38–39Cardinal of Perigord urges the king to seek peace instead of risking the French nobility; a day's respite is granted.read · scan
- p. 40Cardinal's peace efforts fail: the king demands surrender, refusing the prince's generous offers, so battle nears.read · scan
- p. 41Cardinal's last attempt at peace is rejected; the English fortify with dikes and hedges and both hosts prepare for battle.read · scan
- p. 77–78Both sides array for battle, yet the king refuses to slaughter and prefers to settle by parley.read · scan
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of ChristVol. 7
- p. 240–241Inner peace precedes peacemaking; the peaceable man does more good than the learned.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 229Priests kneel praying for peace during battle and restrain slaughter of the vanquished, saving enemies by their touch.read · scan
- p. 229–232Priests interposing between armies halted slaughter and made peace, revered by even the fiercest nations.read · scan
Martin Luther, Concerning Christian LibertyVol. 36
- p. 341Peace conferences and agreed arbiters were overthrown by Eccius's disputation, risking a greater conflagration.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 103More sent as ambassador to Cambray to treat peace between France, the Emperor and England, winning great benefits.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 65–68A peace is ratified between Cellini and his adversaries through a nobleman's mediation, with armed men in attendance.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 454–455The brawl is quieted and division reduced to order through the authority of the judge and curate's persuasions.read · scan
- p. 458Quarrels are settled and the inn passes from Agramante's discorded camp to Octavian's peace through the curate's eloquence.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Discovery of GuianaVol. 33
- p. 330–331Carapana avoided contention, holding peace with Caribs and trading with all nations.read · scan
Francis Pretty, Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the WorldVol. 33
- p. 218Drake sends a token of peaceful intent and picks a side amid Portuguese enmity.read · scan
- p. 218–219Peace and friendship are offered, though canoas are armed.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 15–16Isabella begs the lords not to lift swords against the king to avoid civil mutinies.read · scan
- p. 56–57Kent and Mortimer plot Mortimer's escape from the Tower and flight to France to aid the queen.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkVol. 46
- p. 99–100He sends envoys to old Norway to check young Fortinbras's threatened claim to lost lands.read · scan
- p. 126Norway restrains Fortinbras from war against Denmark and redirects his soldiers against Poland.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 409–410Without impartial judges controversies are decided only by war; peace requires intercession and safe conduct.read · scan
- p. 410–411Partial arbitration leaves controversy, the cause of war, unresolved.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 346–347King James, whose motto is 'Blessed are the peacemakers', sends an embassy to compose the discords of Bohemia.read · scan
First Charter of VirginiaVol. 43
- p. 56Princes are licensed to pursue offenders with hostility if satisfaction is not made, preserving amity between nations.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 104–106Deciding on war is left to one interested judge; a disinterested third is needed.read · scan
John Dryden, All for Love; or, The World Well LostVol. 18
- p. 46Antony married Octavia to set the world at peace; Actium's flight cost his fortunes.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 357A neuter can act as peace-maker, mediating reconciliation between sides.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 82–83Many sects prevent people cutting one another's throats.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 123–124Apprehended war with France prompts the Albany congress to confer with the Six Nations about defense.read · scan
John Marshall, Opinion of Chief Justice Marshall in the Case of McCulloch vs. the State of MarylandVol. 43
- p. 208–209The question must be decided peacefully, or remain a source of hostile legislation and perhaps hostility.read · scan
Treaty with the Six NationsVol. 43
- p. 232Procedure is meant to keep the peace unbroken despite individual misconduct.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 166The Trent affair nearly brought war between England and the United States; Mill thought the seizure unjustifiable and disavowal required.read · scan
Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln's First Inaugural AddressVol. 43
- p. 317Hopes for a peaceful solution and restored fraternal affections.read · scan
- p. 322Pleads against becoming enemies as civil conflict threatens.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 203–205War rumor stirs national feeling and jokes about the Frenchman until an amicable settlement arrives.read · scan
Ernest Renan, The Poetry of the Celtic RacesVol. 32
- p. 151The eagle attacked the salmon, who sent messengers and made peace.read · scan
Treaty with MexicoVol. 43
- p. 302–303Pledges to settle disputes by negotiation and arbitration rather than hostility, and sets rules to be observed should war break out.read · scan
10d.Constitutional control of war and peace; neutrality
See also: Taxation 2b · Constitution 6b · Liberty 9c · Government 7b
Aeschylus, The FuriesVol. 8
- p. 152–154Orestes vows that Argos will never war against Athens, and wishes her victory over her foes.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, On Old AgeVol. 9
- p. 51Cato proclaims war on Carthage by counsel; Appius Claudius opposed peace with Pyrrhus; states endangered by youth are restored by old.read · scan
Virgil, The AeneidVol. 13
- p. 248–258The mob demands war against omens and peace treaties, while Latinus, unmoved like a rock, disclaims it.read · scan
- p. 259Latinus refuses to open the gates of war; Juno herself forces them and war rushes out.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 367–368Caesar has war declared on Cleopatra and strips Antony of his authority.read · scan
Niccolò Machiavelli, The PrinceVol. 36
- p. 14Never allow designs to be crossed to avoid war, which is only deferred to one's disadvantage.read · scan
- p. 26Shifting alliances among France, Spain and Italian powers.read · scan
- p. 38Italian powers balanced one another, guarding against foreign invaders and any power expanding, using factions against the Pope.read · scan
- p. 73A prince should declare openly for one side rather than stay neutral; neutrals become prey of the victor.read · scan
- p. 74–75Alliances in wars among Venice, France, Milan and Florence show danger of joining a stronger power.read · scan
Captain Walter Bigges, Drake's Great ArmadaVol. 33
- p. 230Fleet seizes a Spanish ship as lawful prize, then approaches Bayona, asking whether war exists between England and Spain.read · scan
The Instrument of GovernmentVol. 43
- p. 106–107Protector with council holds power of war and peace and orders the militia.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 332–333Conduct of war cannot be trusted to a man who abhors its principle; foreign states cannot treat with a powerless king.read · scan
- p. 334–335The prerogative of peace and war, though dangerous, should be left to the king to prevent foreign intrigue and factions.read · scan
John Marshall, Opinion of Chief Justice Marshall in the Case of McCulloch vs. the State of MarylandVol. 43
- p. 213Powers to declare war and support armies and navies are cited among the great powers needing implied means.read · scan
James Monroe, The Monroe DoctrineVol. 43
- p. 277Declares neutrality in European wars but treats any extension of the allied system to America as a danger to peace and safety.read · scan
- p. 277–279Maintains neutrality in Spain's war with her former colonies and non-interference in Europe, while refusing indifference to intervention in the Americas.read · scan
The Declaration of IndependenceVol. 43
- p. 153–155Independent states have the power to levy war and conclude peace.read · scan
Articles of ConfederationVol. 43
- p. 161–162States may not make war without Congress's consent except in imminent invasion; rules on commissions, land forces and war expenses.read · scan
- p. 162Congress alone determines peace and war, treaties, and captures and prizes.read · scan
- p. 165–166Declaring war, raising forces and naming a commander in chief need assent of nine states.read · scan
George Washington, Washington's Farewell AddressVol. 43
- p. 243Cultivate peace with all nations; timely preparation prevents greater costs of repelling danger.read · scan
- p. 245–246Avoid entanglement in Europe's quarrels; a united, distant nation can command respected neutrality and choose peace or war by justice.read · scan
- p. 246Steer clear of permanent alliances, rely on temporary ones in emergencies, and stay defensively prepared.read · scan
- p. 247–248Washington defends his 1793 neutrality proclamation as a right and duty grounded in justice and humanity toward nations at peace.read · scan
Constitution of the United StatesVol. 43
- p. 184–185Congress declares war, raises armies and a navy, and calls up the militia to repel invasions.read · scan
- p. 186–187States may not make treaties, keep troops or engage in war unless invaded.read · scan
- p. 188–189President commands the army, navy and militia and makes treaties.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 159–161Essay on non-intervention and foreign policy, vindicating England's international conduct and the French Provisional Government.read · scan
James Russell Lowell, Abraham LincolnVol. 28
- p. 435He had to carry on a colossal war and escape perilous diplomatic entanglements.read · scan
Treaty with Spain (1819)Vol. 43
- p. 274–275Rules for neutral flags covering property in wartime are set between the parties.read · scan
Treaty with RussiaVol. 43
- p. 432Treaty aims at strengthening good understanding; Monroe Doctrine's checking of Russian encroachment is noted.read · scan
Recognition of the Independence of CubaVol. 43
- p. 440–441The President is empowered to use land and naval forces to enforce the demand for Spanish withdrawal.read · scan
Convention Between the United States and the Republic of PanamaVol. 43
- p. 458–459Canal declared neutral in perpetuity; Panama may move troops and munitions of war through it free of charge.read · scan
- p. 459–460United States may use police, land and naval forces and build fortifications to protect the Canal.read · scan
- p. 461–462Lands for naval and coaling stations provided to protect the Canal and preserve its neutrality.read · scan
‹ 9 · Outline