Religion
‹ 11 · Outline · 13 ›
12.The Church, sects and the dispute between creeds
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 212Sect and church are the 'world' to which the individual defers.read · scan
12a.The true church and its marks
Paul, The First Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansVol. 45
- p. 506–507Spiritual gifts, church offices and the body of Christ, into which all are baptized.read · scan
Paul, The Second Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansVol. 45
- p. 525–526Church collection for the saints organized by trusted brethren as ministry to the glory of the Lord.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 432The church grows as multitudes of men and women are added to the Lord.read · scan
- p. 456–457The church decides by common accord and the Holy Spirit, and confirms the churches.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 60Simple believers nested securely in the Church, fledged by sound faith and charity, are better than quick wit.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, PurgatoryVol. 20
- p. 262–266A solemn halting of the holy procession before the triumphal car, with Christian Church symbolism.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 329–330Two leaders, one seraphic in fervency, one cherubic in wisdom, escort the Church constant to her beloved.read · scan
Sir Thomas Malory, The Holy GrailVol. 35
- p. 185Pelles supported Christendom and Holy Church while he could ride.read · scan
Nicolaus Copernicus, Dedication of the Revolutions of the Heavenly BodiesVol. 39
- p. 55Argues his astronomical labors serve the Church by helping revise the ecclesiastical calendar.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 271Belief in the Christian Church cannot be reduced to belief in one man, the pope.read · scan
- p. 289Church order, councils, bishops and the Pope's standing as 'man of sin' in Christendom.read · scan
John Calvin, Dedication of the Institutes of the Christian ReligionVol. 39
- p. 38–40Calvin defines the true Church by pure preaching of the word and right administration of sacraments, not by visible Roman form.read · scan
- p. 40Attacks veneration of episcopal dignity and buildings; the true Church may be hidden from human view, known only to the Lord.read · scan
- p. 40Argues by scriptural examples (Aaron, Micaiah, Jeremiah, Christ) that external office and appearance do not make the true Church.read · scan
- p. 40–43Denies the Church is confined to external pomp; Rome's doctrine is a pestilence of souls and its clergy schismatics.read · scan
- p. 43Apostles faced the same accusations of tumult and offence; Christ is a stone of stumbling, so preachers proceed boldly.read · scan
- p. 43–45The Gospel is savour of life to believers and death to the perishing; Calvin's followers fear and worship God.read · scan
- p. 49–50Book three on faith, repentance, prayer and justification; book four on the Church, preaching and sacraments.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 269Primitive cathedral churches, bishops, ministry, sacraments and pastors offered as pattern for reform of the churchread · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 244–246The parish curate performs the marriage rite as commanded by holy mother Church.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 160We are members of Jesus Christ; two laws suffice to rule the Christian Republic better than statecraft.read · scan
- p. 201The Church has endured uninterrupted despite attacks, schisms and heresies, which Pascal takes as sign of divine power.read · scan
- p. 202Unlike states, religion never bends; its inflexible endurance proves its divinity, and Pascal finds Christianity astonishing despite being born in it.read · scan
- p. 216The Church remains always visible, in the promising sign or in substance.read · scan
- p. 273He loves worshippers unknown to the world; a remnant reserved.read · scan
- p. 300Persecution of the Church is a sign of piety; the Church is excellent when sustained by God alone.read · scan
- p. 300–301Church attacked by opposite errors; faith embraces truths that seem to contradict, rooted in Christ's two natures.read · scan
- p. 305God does not ordinarily perform miracles in Church conduct; infallibility resides in the multitude.read · scan
- p. 306–307Church teaches and God inspires infallibly; Church's work only prepares for grace or condemnation; Jesuits may deceive the Pope.read · scan
- p. 311–312Church must judge the outward to exclude the dissolute; the religious life is hard by the world's standards yet easy by God's.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, LettersVol. 48
- p. 346–347Pascal professes faith and loyalty to the Church and union with the pope; virtues useless outside communionread · scan
- p. 352God favors those defending the purity of religion and morals in a time of persecution; no salvation outside the Church.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 241The church's authority tolerated no doubt, so rejecting one point rejected all.read · scan
Friedrich von Schiller, Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManVol. 32
- p. 229–230The idle cling to formulas that state and church hold in reserve, giving up guardianship of their thoughts.read · scan
John Henry Newman, The Idea of a UniversityVol. 28
- p. 47Oxford once a school of the Church now fallen; a university planted within the Church would have greater influence.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, An Address Delivered before the Senior Class in Divinity CollegeVol. 5
- p. 30–31Historical Christianity errs by exaggerating the person of Jesus and ritual instead of the doctrine of the soul.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-RelianceVol. 5
- p. 80Christianity entrenched in establishments and forms loses vigor; where is the Christian?read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, New England ReformersVol. 5
- p. 267A truly religious man needs no church sanction; churches feel accused by his presence and belief.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 132Comte would organize philosophers as a hierarchy resembling the Catholic Church's spiritual supremacy; Mill admires the medieval separation of spiritual and temporal power.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 242Christian morality is not the whole truth; theological morality was built up by the Church, not by Christ or the Apostles.read · scan
Thomas Henry Huxley, Science and CultureVol. 28
- p. 214–215The Church checked thinkers who strayed, if need be by secular force.read · scan
- p. 215–216Medieval Church supplied a complete theory of life whose aim was securing a place in a better world; culture meant saintliness.read · scan
12b.Corruption and reform of the Roman Church
See also: Wealth 13e · Tyranny 7a · Government 9a · Sin 8e
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 78Corruption of the papacy and the church's keys, contrasted with apostolic poverty of Peter and Matthias.read · scan
- p. 78Church corrupted by riches; Constantine's endowment gave birth to ill; the Whore of Revelation seen in corrupt shepherds.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, PurgatoryVol. 20
- p. 208The Church, mixing spiritual and temporal government, has fallen into the mire and defiled herself.read · scan
- p. 278The despoiled chariot of the Church, corrupted by worldly powers and its harlot-like abuse.read · scan
- p. 280Psalmody and lament over the desecrated Church; God's vengeance cannot be averted by a sop.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 323Rahab, first soul redeemed in Christ's triumph, is in Venus's heaven as trophy; the Pope neglects the Holy Land.read · scan
- p. 357–358Gainful merchandise made of Christ at Rome condemnedread · scan
- p. 399St. Peter rebukes the corrupt Church, whose keys and privileges are sold and turned to war on the baptized.read · scan
Niccolò Machiavelli, The PrinceVol. 36
- p. 39The Church's power is strengthened by popes, while ambitious Cardinals foment the barons' disorders.read · scan
Martin Luther, The Ninety-Five ThesesVol. 36
- p. 247Luther addresses the archbishop about indulgences sold for St. Peter's, which mislead the people about salvation.read · scan
- p. 247–248Preaching indulgences over the Gospel misleads the people; works of piety and charity are better.read · scan
- p. 248–249Luther appeals to the Archbishop as pastor of his flock to curb the preaching of pardons and restore proper preaching.read · scan
- p. 252–253Attacks preachers of indulgences who promise release from purgatory when money rattles in the chest.read · scan
- p. 253–254Criticizes pardons as no substitute for contrition, and insists that true Christians share Christ's benefits without letters of pardon.read · scan
- p. 255–256Pardons are useful only if not trusted in; the Gospel should be preached above ceremonies for pardons.read · scan
- p. 256–257Declares the Gospel the true treasure of the Church and condemns indulgences as nets for men's riches.read · scan
- p. 257–258Sharp lay questions expose the contradictions of the indulgence traffic, including purgatory, masses and the building of St. Peter's.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 260Calls for reformation of the Christian estate, since the careless clergy fail and laity must help God's Church.read · scan
- p. 263Christendom's distress, frustrated councils and the wickedness of certain men move Luther to appeal for reform.read · scan
- p. 264–265Reform requires humble trust in God and prayer; Romanists have protected themselves by three walls against reform.read · scan
- p. 269–270Attacks papal immunity as lacking scriptural warrant, a sign of antichrist.read · scan
- p. 272Every Christian must defend the faith and condemn error, correcting the pope by Scripture.read · scan
- p. 273–274Temporal authorities, as fellow-priests, should procure a free council to reform the Church; authority exists only for edification.read · scan
- p. 274–275Power against Christ is antichrist's; hold to God's word with faith, not wonders.read · scan
- p. 275–276Papal pomp and triple crown contradict Christ's poverty and humility; the pope should weep and pray.read · scan
- p. 276–277The cardinals' greed destroys worship and preaching.read · scan
- p. 277–278Papal greed is said to destroy the Church, deprive Christ's flock of good shepherds and overthrow God's word and service.read · scan
- p. 278–279Indulgences and pious pretexts are exploited to satisfy greed in the name of Christ and St. Peter.read · scan
- p. 280–281Luther asks what use a pope is to Christendom if his power serves only villainy.read · scan
- p. 281–282The Pope overturns a bishop's reform of divine service, fearing reform would reach Rome.read · scan
- p. 282–283Convents lose chanting and reading; the Pope is accused of destroying Christianity and abolishing divine service.read · scan
- p. 285Rome dreads a free council and reformation, embroiling princes to avoid exposure.read · scan
- p. 288Christian nobility should respect God's glory more than the power of men and save souls from ruin.read · scan
- p. 290The Pope should devote himself to prayer, the Gospel and faith, not worldly matters; Rome shows contempt of both.read · scan
- p. 291Abuse of excommunication and benefices by Rome blasphemes God's name and corrupts Church authority.read · scan
- p. 292–293Papal rules confuse consciences and harm faith in God.read · scan
- p. 294The Pope is vicar of Christ on earth only, in the form of a servant; his claims make him antichrist.read · scan
- p. 295The Pope's true offices are preaching, prayer and study as Christ enjoined, not lordship.read · scan
- p. 296Pope, as Christ's vicar and soldier of heaven, should preach and pray, not entangle himself in worldly affairs.read · scan
- p. 296–297Papal pomp and foot-kissing contradict Christ's humility; God's honour is despised while the Pope's is exalted.read · scan
- p. 297–298Pilgrimages to Rome should be restricted because pilgrims see only offence and return with contempt of God.read · scan
- p. 307–308Silencing God's word and service through interdict is a greater sin than killing popes.read · scan
- p. 313Christians should trust baptism, Gospel and faith in their own parish rather than buy papal bulls; whatever must be bought of the Pope is not of God.read · scan
- p. 315–316Fraternities, indulgences and dispensations are worthless; baptism gives the true fraternity, and only feeding the poor merits heaven.read · scan
- p. 316–317Luther calls the Pope antichrist for exalting himself above God and cancelling God's command to keep faith and oaths.read · scan
- p. 323Papal claims to be directed by the Holy Ghost are mocked as covering knavery, and Scripture is set against church law.read · scan
- p. 334–335Luther defies pope and clergy, trusting God's judgment alone over men's, and prays for spiritual courage for the Church's reform.read · scan
Martin Luther, Concerning Christian LibertyVol. 36
- p. 336Luther addresses Pope Leo X, explaining his conflict with Rome and asserting he prays for the pope's good.read · scan
- p. 337He justifies sharp censure of impious doctrine by the example of Christ, Paul and the prophets.read · scan
- p. 338Luther denounces the Roman Court as more corrupt than Babylon and resists it for the sake of faith and his brethren.read · scan
- p. 338–339Luther laments that the Roman Court, hating councils and reform, is beyond remedy and unworthy of a good pope like Leo.read · scan
- p. 339–340Luther calls the Court of Rome worse than the Turks and a gate to hell, and says those who oppose it glorify Christ.read · scan
- p. 340Luther recounts being dragged into dispute over the primacy of Rome by Eccius and Cajetan.read · scan
- p. 341Luther narrates efforts of Miltitz to make peace, undone by Eccius's Leipsic disputation, which exposed Rome's corruptions.read · scan
- p. 341–342Luther says flatterers harm the papacy more than enemies do, and he welcomes a humble letter to make peace.read · scan
- p. 342–343He warns Leo against flatterers who set the pope above councils and Church and claim sole right to interpret Scripture.read · scan
- p. 343–344Luther argues popes are unlike Christ, vicars of an absent Christ, hence antichrist and idol, whereas the Apostles were servants of a present one.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 125Governor invokes papal power to bind and loose; Cellini sardonically remarks on what the faith of Popes is made of.read · scan
John Calvin, Dedication of the Institutes of the Christian ReligionVol. 39
- p. 31–32Calvin charges the priests with neglecting true scriptural religion, demanding implicit faith in the Church, and zealously defending mass, purgatory and pilgrimages for their bellies.read · scan
- p. 35Calvin rebukes lavish gold and splendour in worship as against the fathers, holding obedience is owed to Christ alone.read · scan
- p. 35Calvin lists Catholic practices, such as images, Lenten fasting, transubstantiation, prayers for the dead and masses for gain, that contradict the early fathers.read · scan
- p. 35Calvin charges that the Church substitutes its own works and gain for Christ's grace, and defies fathers on communion, fasts, clerical celibacy and Scripture.read · scan
- p. 35–38Defends reformed faith against appeals to the fathers and to custom, urging sanctifying the Lord above fear of the multitude.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 252–253Archbishop of Canterbury as primate crowns kings; Anselm's reluctance to take the see and church-state tension.read · scan
- p. 254–255Papal interference and clerical resistance to kings condemned as a man-made order breaking God's law.read · scan
- p. 255Clerical pride: Cistertians excommunicate King John over seized goods and force him to beg pardon; primacy of Canterbury over York.read · scan
Sir Francis Drake, Sir Francis Drake RevivedVol. 33
- p. 177–178Friars fight alongside the soldiers, and the monastery holds a thousand papal bulls and pardons newly sent from Rome.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, The Tragical History of Doctor FaustusVol. 19
- p. 228–229Faustus heads for Rome to see the Pope and Peter's feast.read · scan
Christopher Marlowe, Edward the SecondVol. 46
- p. 13–14The Archbishop claims God is up in arms when violence is done to the church; he will report to the Pope.read · scan
- p. 17The Archbishop as papal legate threatens to release the lords from allegiance unless Gaveston is banished.read · scan
- p. 17–19Edward rails against Rome, its superstition and priests, threatening to burn churches.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 195–196Church councils and Popes progressively prohibited heretical books, culminating in the Trent Council and Inquisition's indexes and licensing.read · scan
- p. 196–197Satirizes the Catholic licensers' formulas of approval, with many friars and chancellors approving a single work.read · scan
- p. 220–221Reformation is incomplete; licensing was devised by antichristian malice to extinguish the light of Reformation.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 91–92Satire of Rome's merchandise dominating the Fair; English nation dislikes it.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 88Druids, bishops and popes seized temporal authority, deposed kings and levied taxes; England became a papal province.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 167–168Papal 'Servant of Servants' title shows humble titles can mask supreme power; pulpits criticized as Babylonian jargon.read · scan
Sydney Smith, Fallacies of Anti-ReformersVol. 27
- p. 244–245Notes that bad religions exist, so attacking religious defects is not attacking religion; defenders of abuses falsely charge reformers with subverting all religion.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 88–89She covets the papacy, the single head of Christendom.read · scan
- p. 89As Pope she sits amid ecclesiastical splendour while emperors and kings kiss her shoe.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, A Defence of PoetryVol. 27
- p. 349–350Dante as first religious reformer, preceding Luther in censuring papal usurpation.read · scan
Thomas Babington Macaulay, MachiavelliVol. 27
- p. 366The Council of Trent later condemned books Clement VII had patronized.read · scan
- p. 367Italians, seeing the Church's machinery and the popes' dishonesty, treated doctrine with decent reverence but ceased to be papists.read · scan
- p. 400–401The Church censured Machiavelli; priests are called servants of a baser superstition allied with a base government.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 110–111Shakespeare and Dante lived amid the struggle between temporal and spiritual powers, yet their views on the Church are elusive.read · scan
James Russell Lowell, DemocracyVol. 28
- p. 455–456The Church and the Reformation as the leaven of earlier social change, when man's chief end was thought to be saving his soul.read · scan
12c.Defence of Rome and the Church against heretics
See also: Race and Nationality 5c · Truth 4c
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 93The Catholic faith no longer teaches what he thought, holding God is not bounded by a human figure.read · scan
- p. 98He rejoices to find in the Catholic Church a faith that does not picture God in human form.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 336–338Dominic fights heresy as apostle, defending the Church; his order now deserts his pathread · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 58Papal legate cardinal seeks to excuse himself and treat for the king's release; English churches celebrate the victory.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 103More writes works defending the Catholic religion against heresies, and the clergy reward him.read · scan
- p. 103Defense of the faith against heresy; private penitential asceticism.read · scan
- p. 103–114The nun's holiness, the bishops' counsel and the break with the See of Rome frame the religious dispute.read · scan
- p. 114The dispute concerns the Pope's authority and the book on the Seven Sacraments.read · scan
- p. 114Papal authority and the King's book defending it are at issue.read · scan
- p. 125Papal versus royal supremacy over the Church is the point at issue.read · scan
- p. 125He asserts papal spiritual primacy from Christ to Peter.read · scan
- p. 125More defends papal authority and the Catholic Church against the realm.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 93–95Coin designs show Christ Ecce Homo and Pope and Emperor propping the cross, with motto of one spirit and one faith.read · scan
- p. 179Ecclesiastical adornments and venerable age make the Pope seem a superior deity.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Mr. George HerbertVol. 15
- p. 410–411Farrer, after travelling and resisting Catholic persuasions, stays loyal to the Church of England and gives his life to devotion, fasting and charity.read · scan
Sir Thomas Browne, Religio MediciVol. 3
- p. 254Browne refuses bitter opposition to Roman Catholics, will pray in their churches, and values outward devotion and ceremony as expressions of faith.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 208–209Sects have preserved doctrine by unwritten tradition, and Christian faith spread across Asia before any Gospel was written; the Inquisition made Italy and Spain no better.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 296Polemic against Jesuits who brand Port Royal heretics whatever they say, even when miracles occur among them.read · scan
- p. 298Miracles should induce change when out of proportion to faith; persecutors call God's visible protection of Port Royal heresy.read · scan
- p. 299Jesuits' hardness exceeds the Jews', doubting the innocence of Port Royal despite miracles; they bend religion to friends and foes.read · scan
- p. 307–308Jansenists resemble heretics in moral reform but Jesuits in evil; Church will abide despite corrupt priests and popes.read · scan
- p. 308Defends the Church's hierarchy and true pastors as preserving sound doctrine against lax casuists, showing God's protection of the Church.read · scan
- p. 309Church doctrine distinguished from Jesuit doctrine; heretics, divisions, and religious zeal that leads men to do evil cheerfully.read · scan
- p. 310Accuses opponents of corrupting the Church to make themselves saints, defeating Christ's declared purpose.read · scan
- p. 310–311Christians alone must take rules from outside themselves, from Christ and tradition, whereas Jesuits wish to follow their own imaginations.read · scan
- p. 313–314Purity of religion opposes our corruptions; absurd to promise eternal reward to Escobar's morality.read · scan
- p. 314–315Defends speaking out in the Church against censure, appealing to antiquity and a Pope who hears both parties.read · scan
- p. 315Better to obey God than men; appeals to Christ's tribunal against Rome's censure.read · scan
John Henry Newman, The Idea of a UniversityVol. 28
- p. 39–40The Irish university enterprise is undertaken under the Cross, the Virgin and St. Patrick.read · scan
- p. 49Newman longs for Catholic school of the Church and envisions a Catholic university in a nation old in Christianity.read · scan
- p. 49–51Students share one faith and one tongue, the university a sacred fountain-head of Christianity.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 214–215Even the Catholic Church hears a devil's advocate before canonizing a saint.read · scan
- p. 232Catholic Church allows clergy but not laity to read heretical books; Protestants bear responsibility for their own religious choice.read · scan
Ernest Renan, The Poetry of the Celtic RacesVol. 32
- p. 141The race defended religious independence against Rome, yet became the staunchest stronghold of Catholicism.read · scan
- p. 171Celtic Church of Iona and Bangor offered a pure ideal of worship in spirit, keeping native usages against Roman claims.read · scan
- p. 172–173Breton and Irish worship keep independent, distinctive forms and old saints' devotions, even resisting modern Catholic change.read · scan
12d.The Church of England and the dissenters
See also: Liberty 4c · Punishment 9b · National Character 3d · Theology 7a
John Knox, Preface to the History of the Reformation in ScotlandVol. 39
- p. 59Portrays the conflict between the saints of God and a clergy claiming authority over souls, opposed to superstition and idolatry.read · scan
- p. 59–60Purpose is that God be praised, the age be thankful, and posterity learn how Christ's light prevailed over darkness.read · scan
John Calvin, Dedication of the Institutes of the Christian ReligionVol. 39
- p. 27Calvin explains his book as instruction in true piety for those hungering after Christ, and confesses the persecuted Protestant doctrine to the king.read · scan
- p. 27–29Calvin pleads for the persecuted godly and the church, defending God's glory and the kingdom of Christ.read · scan
- p. 45–47Calvin closes his plea for persecuted believers, who will patiently await the Lord; the Institutes follow the Apostles' Creed.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 230Cities of England are counted by bishoprics, each under the spiritual oversight of a bishop or archbishop.read · scan
- p. 252Organization and history of the English church under its archbishops and the pope's influence.read · scan
- p. 255–257Describes the archbishops, bishops, deans and cathedral churches of the Church of England, and how cathedral worship and preaching are ordered.read · scan
- p. 257Traces origins of monasteries, parish and deanery churches; cathedrals decay into markets while bishops and canons expound Scripture to reverent congregations.read · scan
- p. 257–258Visitations inquire into ministers' doctrine and parishioners' attendance and conformity to religion.read · scan
- p. 267–269Promises to compare the old cathedral churches with the Church of England and with the Papistsread · scan
- p. 381–382Archbishop Cranmer, mocked as an hostler, is called a faithful witness of Christ who shed his blood.read · scan
Ben Jonson, The AlchemistVol. 47
- p. 543–549Sober precise neighbours, Puritan types, mocked as scarcely smiling.read · scan
- p. 584–585Subtle plans to impress the sanctified Anabaptist elder who seeks the stone to raise the exiled brethren's discipline.read · scan
- p. 585The Puritan deacon's sectarian zeal and dealings for the saints with orphans' goods.read · scan
- p. 585–589Puritan brethren of Amsterdam hope the stone will overthrow bishops; Subtle exploits their zeal and scruples about dealing with the unfaithful.read · scan
- p. 593–594Puritans hope to become temporal lords and a powerful faction against lords spiritual.read · scan
Richard Corbet, Farewell, Rewards and FairiesVol. 40
- p. 315–316Fairies were of the old Catholic profession; Puritans and the Reformation drove their Ave Marias and processions away.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 357–358Will begins in the name of the Trinity, by Christ's mercy, as priest of the Church of England.read · scan
- p. 358Donne gives body and soul to God, relying on Christ's mercy, and dies in the Church of England.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Mr. George HerbertVol. 15
- p. 381Herbert defends the Church of England's liturgy and episcopacy against Melvin's satirical verses and the dissenting Scottish clergy.read · scan
Sir Thomas Browne, Religio MediciVol. 3
- p. 253–254Browne declares himself a Christian of the Reformed religion, chosen by examined judgment, not birth or education.read · scan
- p. 255Browne affirms the Church of England, following Scripture and Church while using private reason where both are silent, and urges charity toward Rome.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 215–216Licensing merely exchanges one episcopacy for another; a church founded on faith and knowledge would not fear pamphlets.read · scan
- p. 222God is beginning a new period, reforming Reformation itself, revealing himself first to Englishmen; men reclaim care of their religion.read · scan
John Milton, Poems Written During the Civil War and the Protectorate, 1642-1658Vol. 4
- p. 80–81Milton attacks Presbyterians who would force consciences with a hierarchy: New Presbyter is but old Priest writ large.read · scan
Andrew Marvell, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 376–377The exiles sing hymns, are safe from prelate's rage, and find a temple and the Gospel's pearl.read · scan
Daniel Defoe, The Shortest-Way with the DissentersVol. 27
- p. 133–134Defoe's ironic High-Church voice claims the Church of England, long afflicted, has been delivered by God; calls for no mercy to Dissenters.read · scan
- p. 134Church of England clergy who kept their oath to the old king were ejected; Dissenters now plead persecution.read · scan
- p. 136Church of England's charity toward Dissenters is contrasted with their harsh treatment of her clergy under the Commonwealth.read · scan
- p. 137Cites Presbyterian suppression of Episcopal clergy in Scotland as proof of Dissenters' lack of charity.read · scan
- p. 138–139Rejects arguments for tolerating Dissenters and proposes rooting them out as a contagion.read · scan
- p. 140–141Argues the Church of England must be defended by extirpating Dissenters, treating the present moment as a providential opportunity.read · scan
- p. 141–142Dissenters are likened to vermin poisoning souls; the ironic speaker demands rooting them out to establish the true Church.read · scan
- p. 142–143Dissent is cast as idolatry and sin against God; Moses' slaughter of idolaters cited as merciful example.read · scan
- p. 143–144Examines whether the differences between Church and Dissent, only modes and accidents, justify separation.read · scan
- p. 145–146Dissenters' aversion to the Church is compared to heathen abhorrence; failing to root out obstinacy is neglect of duty to God and Church.read · scan
- p. 146–147Equates Popery and Dissent as enemies of the Church of England, calling for destruction of both, crucifying 'the thieves'.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 76–77Sects unite against Romish religion; Penn accused of being a Jesuit.read · scan
- p. 78–79England is the land of many sects; the Established Church prevails because office-holding requires membership, while religious rage has subsided since the civil wars.read · scan
- p. 79Satirizes English bishops and clergy, their dependence on Parliament and law rather than apostolic succession, and the lower clergy's loss of assembly.read · scan
- p. 81–82Satirical portrait of Scottish Presbyterians, their austerity, envy of bishops' revenues, and strict Sunday observance compared with Church of England.read · scan
- p. 147Hudibras ridicules Puritans and the clergy.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 103–104Whitefield's sect and his followers' enthusiastic admiration.read · scan
- p. 118Tennent's Presbyterian congregation seeks funds for a new meeting-house.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 152Burke ridicules Price's zeal for multiplying dissenting churches with indifference to doctrine, spreading contradiction rather than truth.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 60–63Satirical address to pious orthodox flocks whose shepherds are gone.read · scan
- p. 63–65Satire on quarrelling Scottish Auld Licht ministers as herds of the gospel flock, Calvinist versus New-Light factions, in church controversy.read · scan
- p. 65–66Satire hopes congregations may choose their own ministers, banishing orthodoxy's enemies like Common Sense and Learning.read · scan
- p. 162–164Satire of the Kilmarnock church controversy, orthodoxy's zeal against New Light heresy, stipends and hellfire.read · scan
- p. 164–166Satirizes the Kilmarnock kirk's orthodox triumph over New Light ministers, church patronage, and orthodoxy's victory.read · scan
- p. 166–168Toast of confusion to New Light religious opinions and patronage intrusion.read · scan
- p. 336–338Burns's mock psalm for the Kilmarnock chapel parodies scriptural worship, thanksgiving, prayer and the Kirk's troubles over patronage and heresy.read · scan
Sir Walter Scott, PoemsVol. 41
- p. 752–753The sanctified Whigs and Presbyterians of the Bow are mocked as sour-featured and spiteful.read · scan
Thomas Carlyle, Inaugural Address at EdinburghVol. 25
- p. 367–368Struggle driven by a divine determination to walk by God's laws, 'for Christ's Crown and Covenant'.read · scan
Thomas Carlyle, Sir Walter ScottVol. 25
- p. 410Presbyterian Scotland filled the people with an infinite religious idea; sense of Heavenly Behest shaped Scott.read · scan
- p. 411–412Knox's Presbyterian Gospel credited as chief source of the Scottish national character, of which Scott inherited the good and not-so-good.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 423English national religion is inherited institution; Christian sentiment built cathedrals and shaped culture, while the church fused with daily life and calendar.read · scan
- p. 423–426The English church humanized and educated the people through ritual, architecture, vernacular service and reverence for Scripture.read · scan
- p. 426The English church is prized for order, ceremony and ties to state, but its once-living spirit has departed, leaving empty shrines and good-breeding.read · scan
- p. 426–427English religion is class-bound formality, national pride and quotation; prayer is condescension, the church is of the gentry not the poor, and examination forbidden.read · scan
- p. 427–428The Anglican church is marked by taste, good breeding and clergy loyal to their church, mild but hostile to change.read · scan
- p. 430Conformity to an ornamented national church clouds the understanding; cant and hypocrisy abound, and religious persons leave for sects.read · scan
- p. 431Emerson pities the Established Church and locates true English religion not in church or sects but in doing good and suffering evil, as in Nightingale.read · scan
- p. 440–441Coleridge's Anglican dogma reconciled with eternal ideas; Carlyle's negative Deity.read · scan
- p. 465–466The Church punishes dissent and education; dissenters' marriages once illegal.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 69Established church and priesthood seen as depravers of religion and opponents of the mind's progress.read · scan
- p. 97Maurice defended the Church of England and its Articles; Mill attributes this to timidity of conscience.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Twenty-Four Years AfterVol. 23
- p. 378–379The deacon leads pious works and denominational devotion in San Francisco.read · scan
Matthew Arnold, The Study of PoetryVol. 28
- p. 82–83England needed freedom from the Puritan preoccupation with religion, which cost some impairment of the soul's religious life.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 177–179Samson is portrayed as a Puritan, like a religious pikeman in Cromwell's army.read · scan
12e.Quakers and their way of worship
See also: Slavery 8b · Duty 2d
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 316Penn's pietism, conversion to Quakerism, imprisonment for nonconformity and refuge sought for persecuted Friends.read · scan
- p. 316–318Penn's defense of Quaker doctrine remains important.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 65Voltaire visits a Quaker to learn his religion; the frugal meal begins and ends with prayer.read · scan
- p. 65–67Quaker rejects sacraments and defends his sect's faith with selective scripture; Voltaire mocks the enthusiast's fanaticism.read · scan
- p. 68Quaker devotion: plain dress, humility, avoiding pleasures, heart as habitation of God.read · scan
- p. 69Description of Quaker silent meeting, inspiration by the Spirit, and rejection of a paid priesthood.read · scan
- p. 71Origin of Quakerism: claimed corruption of religion, preservation of the sacred fire, George Fox's preaching against clergy.read · scan
- p. 71–72Fox's inspiration, mimicked quaking and claimed miracles spread the sect despite persecution.read · scan
- p. 73–74Quakers' growth through Fox's predictions, incorruptibility, and Barclay's Apology defending them.read · scan
- p. 74Penn becomes a young leader of the Quaker sect after conversion.read · scan
- p. 75Penn defies convention for conscience' sake, converts many, and undertakes missions abroad.read · scan
- p. 75–76Quaker missions to Holland and Germany; Penn urges his dying father to die a Quaker.read · scan
- p. 77–78Quakerism declines in England as prosperous children conform to the Church of England.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 26He falls asleep in the silent Quaker meetinghouse.read · scan
- p. 107–108Quaker principle against war and pressure of Friends' opinion on members.read · scan
- p. 108–109Quaker principles against fighting conflict with individual conscience and fear of elders' disapproval.read · scan
- p. 109–110Quaker principle against war forces evasions to keep faith with their body.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 181Attending meetings for worship and gospel love prompting visits to Friends in back settlements, with certificates from Monthly Meeting.read · scan
- p. 181–182Journey visiting Quaker meetings in Virginia, Carolina and Maryland, laboring in love of Christ among a backsliding people.read · scan
- p. 183–184Quaker visits in New England; Presbyterian youth drawn by Christ's Spirit from worldly vanities, separating from their church over doctrine.read · scan
- p. 188Visits to Friends in the love of the gospel.read · scan
- p. 193–194Woolman visits Quaker meetings on Long Island, sensing divine love and speaking under a weight of conscience.read · scan
- p. 201Contrasts the disciples' unbought entertainment with Friends' civility from reputation rather than unity of spirit.read · scan
- p. 206Laments the degeneracy of the churches under the spirit of the world.read · scan
- p. 207Quaker meetings for worship and business, silence and Divine love.read · scan
- p. 208–209Meetings for worship and trust in God to turn the hearts of the mighty.read · scan
- p. 209–210Exhorts humility, following Christ and the Holy Spirit, and good order in meetings.read · scan
- p. 226Quaker meetings, family gatherings, burials and religious visits in Divine favor and gospel love.read · scan
- p. 227Quaker meetings for business and prayerful dependence on the Lord shape how Friends speak and labor.read · scan
- p. 228Divine love, silence, meetings and fellowship of the brethren in Christian progress.read · scan
- p. 234Christian devotion, meetings and unity with the flock of Jesus Christ.read · scan
- p. 237Professors decline from primitive Christian ardor and should heed chastisement's inward design.read · scan
- p. 241Quaker meetings, ministry and dependence on the Heavenly Father guide his conduct.read · scan
- p. 241–242Gospel fellowship, Yearly Meeting, and dependence on God mark the Quaker journey.read · scan
- p. 246Yearly and Monthly Meetings at Nantucket, searching of heart, and comfort in Friends' houses.read · scan
- p. 247–248Quarterly and select meetings in gospel love, with the Heavenly Shepherd's voice.read · scan
- p. 254–255Visits to Friends' families, in which divine love comforts, opens hearts and seeks their everlasting welfare.read · scan
- p. 272Meetings grew less lively and edifying as the Holy Ghost's overshadowing waned; the Lord will bring his people back.read · scan
- p. 275Woolman describes Quaker family visits, monthly meetings and gospel labor, attributing their success to divine favor and godly care among Friends.read · scan
- p. 275–276Religious travel and meetings among Friends, with attention to a lay preacher's followers who lack skilled spiritual guidance.read · scan
- p. 281–282He urges his Society to be faithful to Christ's teachings and raises the concern in meetings for discipline.read · scan
- p. 289Religious concern to visit Friends in England, certified by Monthly, Quarterly and general meetings of ministers.read · scan
- p. 302Yearly Meeting of Friends; Woolman's call to ministry and concern for Friends' life of truth.read · scan
- p. 302–303Ministry, Quarterly Meetings, and Divine love felt in worship; the stranger's words move the assembly.read · scan
- p. 308–309Woolman's Quaker meetings, ministry and devotion to Christ; kinsman William Hunt's vow to serve Christ every minute.read · scan
- p. 313Woolman's religious visit to Friends in England, sanctioned by Quaker meetings, ending in his death.read · scan
Robert Louis Stevenson, Samuel PepysVol. 28
- p. 300Pepys's uneasy attitude toward Quakers and Penn's religious ardor; he could appreciate religion dramatically but not live by a strict rule.read · scan
12f.Heresy, schism and the unity of the Church
See also: Opinion 10c
Paul, The First Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansVol. 45
- p. 491–492Paul greets the church at Corinth, invoking grace, sanctification and fellowship in Christ, and rebukes sectarian divisions among believers.read · scan
Paul, The Second Epistle of Paul to the CorinthiansVol. 45
- p. 527–528Paul warns against false apostles and a different gospel, jealous to keep the church pure for Christ.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 446Peter defends before the Jerusalem church the admission of the Gentiles, since God gave them the Holy Spirit, and the brethren glorify God.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 35Manichaean sects used the names of Christ and the Spirit with empty sound.read · scan
- p. 45Manichaean 'elect' and false religion contrasted with confession and thanksgiving to God.read · scan
- p. 47–48Augustine warped his friend from true faith to Manichean superstitions.read · scan
- p. 65–66Piety is separate from worldly learning; Manichaeus's false claim to divine authority is sacrilegious presumption.read · scan
- p. 67Augustine's long disappointment with the Manichees and their promised teacher, Faustus, shows his growing disillusion.read · scan
- p. 69Augustine's zeal for Manichaeism is blunted, though he stays in the sect for want of anything better.read · scan
- p. 72–73Monica's faithful heart treasures visions and answers, and Augustine remains joined to the Manichean Elect.read · scan
- p. 74He fears to believe Christ was born in the flesh lest he be defiled, and is repelled from the Catholic faith by a misunderstanding of it.read · scan
- p. 87Alypius shares Augustine's Manichean superstition, attracted by its apparent continence.read · scan
- p. 114Alypius slowly comes to the Catholic faith; heresies make sound doctrine stand out.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 996Followers of earlier Books forgot part of their teaching, causing enmity among them.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 38–40Heresy is punished as a sin against faith; heretics of every sect lie sealed in tombs.read · scan
- p. 114Mohammed and Ali are punished as schismatics who divided religion.read · scan
- p. 115–116Notes on Fra Dolcino, a heretic who denounced the clergy and preached community of goods and wives.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, ParadiseVol. 20
- p. 305–306Justinian abandoned the one-nature heresy at Agapetus's warning and returned to the true faith.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 317–318Seeks reconciliation with the Bohemians; the Council of Constance broke God's commandment.read · scan
- p. 318–319Heretics should be overcome with books not fire; send learned bishops, not legates, to unite the Bohemian sects.read · scan
- p. 319–320Christian faith can exist without papal laws; differences of practice like communion in both kinds need not divide.read · scan
- p. 321Christians should give church possessions for unity; where two or three gather in Christ's name he is present.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 91He wishes the Church settled in uniformity of religion against heresies.read · scan
John Calvin, Dedication of the Institutes of the Christian ReligionVol. 39
- p. 32–33Calvin answers charges of schism, novelty and doubtfulness, holding the gospel restored by God's goodness.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 11–12Heresies and schisms are the greatest scandals, driving men from the church; unity brings peace, faith, charity and peace of conscience.read · scan
- p. 12Unity's bounds lie between zealots and lukewarm reconcilers; fundamentals of faith must be distinguished from mere opinion; unity is not uniformity.read · scan
- p. 12–13Religious controversies grow over-subtle, and false peaces rest on ignorance or on admitting contraries in fundamentals; religion must not be spread by the sword.read · scan
- p. 137Sects and religions rule men's minds; true religion is built on rock, the rest are tossed on waves of time.read · scan
- p. 138Bacon explains how new sects arise amid discord and scandal in established religion, how they spread by miracles, persuasion or sword, and how to check them.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 820–821Madmen's ravings on damnation, Greek turned Turk, and Helvetian translation satirize sects.read · scan
Izaak Walton, The Life of Dr. John DonneVol. 15
- p. 324Donne, unresolved between Roman and reformed churches, studies divinity with prayer and humility, judging schism impossible if visible church were unnecessary.read · scan
Sir Thomas Browne, Religio MediciVol. 3
- p. 258–259Heresy and schism are inevitable and endlessly subdividing, though honest reason retains liberty beyond councils' decrees.read · scan
- p. 305–307Denounces confining God's Church to one nation or sect; sects damn one another and usurp the gates of Heaven.read · scan
- p. 313–315Foundations of religion and principles of salvation are agreed, leaving few controversies worth passion.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 221–222Real church harmony is not forced outward union of divided minds; England seen as favored by heaven to lead Reformation.read · scan
- p. 222Schisms are like the cutting of stones for God's temple; perfection lies in brotherly variety making symmetry, not forced uniformity.read · scan
Sir Henry Vane, A Healing QuestionVol. 43
- p. 133–134Union is the work of the day, in meekness and fear of the Lord, to bring in Christ as chief Ruler.read · scan
- p. 134Dissenters should reunite by self-denial and humiliation before the Lord, who is a consuming fire, and his silence tests his people.read · scan
- p. 135Humbled people are God's temple and flock, hearing prayers.read · scan
- p. 136–137Union expected to prepare for Christ's second coming and his unmoved kingdom.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 295–296Schism within the Church is a sign of error more than miracle is a sign of truth.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 364Choose the communion with warmest sense of religion, piety over ceremony; the good of all churches are of one religion.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 397Wishes Christians minded piety more than controversy, and love instead of censuring and persecuting one another.read · scan
Daniel Defoe, The Shortest-Way with the DissentersVol. 27
- p. 139Suppressing Whiggism, faction and schism is urged as necessary for national tranquility and union.read · scan
- p. 144–145Since Dissenters admit the Church is true and differences trivial, they will conform; Providence gives the chance to unite the Church.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 83Revival of Arianism among clergy and learned laymen in England, Holland and Poland.read · scan
- p. 84Sects rise by timing, not merit: Luther, Calvin, Mahomet founded religions while Newton and Clark could not; the age is cold to new religion.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 35Keimer proposes founding a new sect with Franklin confounding opponents.read · scan
- p. 86His scheme is not sectarian, so it could serve people of all religions.read · scan
- p. 90Proposes a universal creed of essentials of every religion, with worship by adoration, prayer, thanksgiving, and a society to spread it.read · scan
- p. 110–111Dunkers refuse to publish their creed lest it bind them; Franklin contrasts sects each supposing itself in possession of all truth.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 283–284Rival sects each claim to be right and accuse others of error; natural religion is the element of all.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 215–216Woolman's meetings and thankful devotion to the Lord, and an account of the Mennonists' religious society.read · scan
- p. 221–222All true Christians share one spirit; Thomas a Kempis praised as a true Christian though Catholic.read · scan
- p. 229Supplication, inward stillness and true unity among the faithful despite differences of doctrine.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 271–272Plundered churches, Calvinists sympathizers and loyal Catholics divide the townspeople.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 222–224Quarrels of Presbyter and Episcopal, and priestly anathemas, mocked as about nothing.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-RelianceVol. 5
- p. 77Creeds and churches are diseases of intellect: systems of a powerful mind idolized by followers who shut out God in their brother.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, CirclesVol. 5
- p. 154–155Christianity must be viewed from outside the catechism; the instinct of man presses toward the impersonal against bigots' dogmatism.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, WorshipVol. 5
- p. 292–293Shakers welcome all, trusting the Spirit to reveal a man's character; the highest religion is burned by churches.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 318Coleridge disputes Unitarian Christianity with Emerson, a Unitarian, and defends the ancient doctrine of St. Paul.read · scan
John Ruskin, Sesame and LiliesVol. 28
- p. 104–105Translation choices in scripture and church terms (ecclesia, priest) lent respectability to sectarian divisions that cost seas of blood.read · scan
Edward Augustus Freeman, Race and LanguageVol. 28
- p. 229–230Religious sympathy, as in Crusades and Orthodox solidarity with Russia, is simple and needs no learned teaching.read · scan
- p. 230Orthodox faith, not Slavonic blood, moved earlier Russian and Serb dealings; the Orthodox were all called Greeks.read · scan
- p. 233Race sympathy is distinguished from simpler feeling of community of religion.read · scan
- p. 262Religious distinctions are added to national ones, imagined as Catholic, Anglican and Nonconformist villages.read · scan
- p. 262Albanian national feeling sometimes overcomes religious divisions between Orthodox and Mahometan.read · scan
- p. 262–264Albania is where men of different religions are most likely to unite against the common enemy.read · scan
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