Government
‹ 5 · Outline · 7 ›
6.Offices, officials and the practice of administration
6a.Qualities of a good officer and the integrity of office
See also: Justice 6a
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 14Disciples are fit to levy, govern, or receive guests, but their love is uncertain.read · scan
- p. 26A wise man serves when right prevails and hides when wrong prevails; shame in wealth under bad rule.read · scan
- p. 41To rule: lead the way, let officers act first, overlook small faults, raise the worthy.read · scan
- p. 43–44Rank of officials; contempt for the weights-and-measures men of today.read · scan
- p. 46Officials are fit for some posts but not for higher ones.read · scan
- p. 60–61Confucius leaves courts that neglect duty or prefer singing girls; Liu-hsia Hui is dismissed thrice for upright service.read · scan
- p. 67A good ruler regulates weights, laws, officers; Confucius says governing requires five graces and shunning four vices.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 81Administration of public revenue and accounting, embezzlement by officials.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 332–333Antony as consul with brothers as praetor and tribune; offices distributed by his will.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 926The king places Joseph in trust and Joseph asks to be over the land's treasures as a knowing keeper.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 18–19The King holds his hall of judgment, investing and displacing officials.read · scan
- p. 146–148Governor exercises authority over police and market officials, commanding fines and imprisonment.read · scan
- p. 158The Wali of Baghdad is described as a terrible sharp sword against illicit affairs.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 96The Joyous Friars were chosen to govern Florence impartially but pursued their own advantage and ruled partially.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 165–168Bribery in office favours rich men over wise; without magistrates' authority, sedition would follow.read · scan
- p. 179Ambassadors, priests, tranibores and the prince are chosen from the learned order.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 103The Chancellor's office, its corruption and incorruptibility.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 226–227Papal caprice and patronage decide a prisoner's fate, and offices are bargained for favors.read · scan
- p. 327–328The Admiral is appointed through influence rather than ability, showing favoritism in public office.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 244Markets granted by the prince; magistrates neglect their duty to enforce standards for fear of displeasing neighbours.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 479–481Proposes an appointed official licensing all comedies, with magistrates allowing none without his approval.read · scan
- p. 495Sancho would farm out his earldom's administration and live on rent; the canon says governing needs ability and good intention.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 28Counsel for holders of high place: power to do good is the true end; reform by good precedents and examples; keep a regular course.read · scan
- p. 28Bacon counsels officeholders on exercising authority: preserve rights quietly, respect subordinates' places, accept information, and avoid delay, corruption, roughness and facility.read · scan
John Winthrop, Arbitrary Government Described and the Government of the Massachusetts Vindicated from That AspersionVol. 43
- p. 89–90Officers have a rule in administration, so government is regular, not arbitrary.read · scan
- p. 104Denies asserting arbitrary government; judges should be bound to a rule in all administrations.read · scan
Molière, Tartuffe, or The HypocriteVol. 26
- p. 291–293State secrets, warrants and arrest by order of the prince show royal power at work.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 353–354Good administration requires officers with public minds and conscience; five qualities of a good officer.read · scan
- p. 354Officers should have sufficient salaries, not live on benevolence, and do business promptly without bribes.read · scan
- p. 355A good officer must refuse or dispatch, be patient, and understand his business.read · scan
- p. 355–356Method and patience in business ease the task; hear petitioners.read · scan
- p. 356Impartiality is the life of justice, and justice the life of government.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 377Magistrates should be chosen for clean character and secure estates, free from temptation.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 28–29The governor offers to procure public printing business of two governments, showing patronage by officeholders.read · scan
- p. 60–61Franklin's elegant printing wins the House's public printing for the year.read · scan
- p. 96–97Franklin chosen clerk of the General Assembly, gaining public printing business.read · scan
Samuel Johnson, Life of Addison, 1672-1719Vol. 27
- p. 159–160Addison's rise through public offices: Commissioner of Appeals, under-secretary of state, rewarded through patrons.read · scan
- p. 172–173Addison as secretary of state proved unequal to office duties, unable to speak in Commons or issue orders, and resigned on a pension.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 218Early Friends had little share in civil government; later members holding office are pulled toward war-related duties.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 451Public services best performed when reward is proportioned to diligence.read · scan
- p. 513–514Administrators tend to reward themselves and dependents more than enough, so taxing office emoluments is popular.read · scan
- p. 536Customs administration is corrupted by long-standing abuses and perquisites, while excise is less corrupt and cheaper.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 321Rotating out experienced magistrates leaves governors superficial and inexperienced.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 315–316The landlord explains police regulations requiring strangers' names, origins and business to be reported to the authorities.read · scan
- p. 316–318The police wish to know everything, especially secrets; the landlord officiously interrogates guests, which Minna and Franziska mock.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 277–279Egmont administers by dispatches, couriers and orders on arrests, showing lenient rule.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Hermann and DorotheaVol. 19
- p. 373The magistrate as judge of the fugitives calms their passions like Moses or Joshua leading emigrant nations.read · scan
Sydney Smith, Fallacies of Anti-ReformersVol. 27
- p. 234–235Pledges binding those in power are mere license, rattling but not restraining.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 181–182Local magistrate is handled by influence and protection of powerful patrons rather than law.read · scan
- p. 182–183Attilio will win over the Podesta by invoking his uncle in the Privy Council; the magistrate needs patrons.read · scan
- p. 224The superintendent tries to resign his office and flee the rabble; the chancellor reminds him of his duty to the King's service.read · scan
- p. 227Renzo trusts the king and rulers want knaves punished but thinks officials collude with the powerful.read · scan
- p. 227–229He would have Ferrer order officials to do their duty and replace a negligent podesta with a better man.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, WorshipVol. 5
- p. 279Officials elected to senator or president by roguish arts are honored; official men derive from dead routine.read · scan
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, MontaigneVol. 32
- p. 106Letters show Montaigne discharging the office of mayor with energy and vigilance.read · scan
- p. 108Retired from public life, then reluctantly served as mayor of Bordeaux for four years at the king's bidding.read · scan
- p. 111–112Montaigne as mayor of Bordeaux avoids overzealous involvement, lending himself to others' affairs while reserving himself.read · scan
- p. 113Montaigne administered quietly, judging by results not show, preferring to prevent disorder and secure the city's tranquillity.read · scan
- p. 113–114Montaigne as mayor, wakeful at night, writes to Marshal de Matignon, urging his return and promising vigilance and loyalty to the king.read · scan
Hans Christian Andersen, TalesVol. 17
- p. 234–235The Emperor hopes the cloth will reveal which officials are unfit for their offices.read · scan
- p. 235–236Officials are anxious about fitness for their offices.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 56Conducting public correspondence taught the practical conditions of administering public affairs.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 161–162Public officers are bribable, the governor and minister plunder the state, yet people hope democratic government can succeed.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 171Officials try to forbid the brig's sailing to extort more money from the owner, and are outwitted.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 188Milton attacks the Commonwealth's magistrates and committees as self-seeking, delaying justice and imposing taxes.read · scan
6b.Provincial and colonial government
See also: Taxation 4a
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Letters of CiceroVol. 9
- p. 133–135Reports his equitable governing of the province, freeing cities from tributes, excessive interest and fraudulent debt.read · scan
- p. 137–138Suppressing disaffection to make Roman rule secure in the province, with hostages taken and garrisons placed.read · scan
- p. 139–141Just administration won allies' loyalty in place of alienation, better than legions.read · scan
- p. 141Cicero contrasts his governance of the province, without exactions, with Appius's plundering rule, likening it to rival physicians' treatments.read · scan
- p. 149As provincial governor Cicero refuses grants and public-funded hunting, insisting on clean administration consistent with his character.read · scan
- p. 152Praises a governor's mildness and integrity in protecting allies and the Republic.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 413Jurisdiction passed between Roman governor and Herod; tribute to Caesar at issue.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 477–478Roman governor's judicial authority and appeal to emperor.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 247Cicero governs Cilicia gently and honestly, refusing presents, curbing embezzlement and soothing the province back to fidelity without violence.read · scan
Plutarch, CaesarVol. 12
- p. 271–272Caesar governs Spain, reconciling its states and reforming debt settlement.read · scan
- p. 274Caesar obtains all Gaul and Illyricum with four legions for five years.read · scan
- p. 303Caesar remits tribute to Asia and demands Egyptian debt; Pothinus's intrigues and insolence in Alexandria.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 326Antony governs Italy for Caesar, lazy toward petitioners, giving Caesar's government a bad repute through his friends.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 331–332Advice on governing a free province: authority is better won by affection than terror, and the office demands dignity.read · scan
- p. 332–334Good government is the best thing for society; the governor must live up to his office.read · scan
- p. 358–359Senate, emperor and offices such as the treasury of Saturn shape his conduct.read · scan
- p. 364Pliny as governor examines Prusa's finances, finds debts unpaid and public funds misapplied, and proposes a surveyor.read · scan
- p. 365–366Trajan directs Pliny to audit the disordered public accounts first and to find surveyors in the province.read · scan
- p. 368Provincial administration: governor forwards embassies and dispatches, grants use of the public post; note on origin of public couriers.read · scan
- p. 369–370Governor reports to emperor on detaining embassies, sends a fugitive and curiosities, and gives testimony on an imperial procurator.read · scan
- p. 370–371Pliny asks whether public slaves or soldiers should guard prisons.read · scan
- p. 371–373Trajan and Pliny decide on guarding prisons and on troop numbers, preferring public slaves and keeping soldiers at their standards.read · scan
- p. 373–374Governor seeks imperial leave for public works and soldiers; emperor sets conditions on taxes and escorts.read · scan
- p. 375A governor consults the emperor on doubtful administrative abuses.read · scan
- p. 376–377Governor's duty to correct abuses; proposal of a fire company for Nicomedia.read · scan
- p. 377–378Trajan refuses a firemen's company, fearing societies disturb the province's peace, and proposes equipment and householder duty instead.read · scan
- p. 379Trajan orders supply of water and inquiry into misconduct; Pliny reports failing public buildings and asks for advice.read · scan
- p. 379–381Emperor defers to governor on the spot, asking only to be informed.read · scan
- p. 383–384Provincial administration: Pliny reduces the city's public expenses and consults the emperor on the validity of expired diplomas.read · scan
- p. 384–385Governor audits city finances, respects Apamea's ancient privilege of self-administration, and consults the emperor on the limits of his commission.read · scan
- p. 385–387Public funds lie idle; Pliny and Trajan discuss lowering interest to place public money, refusing to compel borrowers.read · scan
- p. 395–396Note on imperial and senatorial provinces explains how Bithynia was governed.read · scan
- p. 397Provincial administration: guard of a centurion for Byzantium, request for Juliopolis, and discipline over soldiers who wrong the provincials.read · scan
- p. 398–399Qualifications for magistracy and city senate offices in Bithynia are settled by imperial ruling.read · scan
- p. 415–416Official post-chaise warrants are administered by the emperor, and Pliny as governor breaks his fixed rule only with an account to Trajan.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 5Vizier serves as royal envoy; vassal kings pay tribute; the brother delegates rule to his own Wezir.read · scan
- p. 223A letter appoints Nur-ed-Din to the viceroyalty, ordering the Sultan to give up his place.read · scan
- p. 223–224Appointment and removal of the Sultan of El-Basrah by royal mandate.read · scan
- p. 296–298The Khalifeh issues letters to viceroys in Egypt and the West, ordering them to provide men and wealth.read · scan
- p. 299–301Musa leaves his son as deputy and has an oath of fidelity exacted.read · scan
- p. 324–325The Caliph appoints the Emir's son governor of the province in his place.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 7The king leaves the queen in guidance of the earl of Kent and appoints wardens and bishops to keep the realm.read · scan
Sir Thomas Malory, The Holy GrailVol. 35
- p. 167Bors compels the lady's tenants to do homage and service or be driven out, restoring peace.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 142The Polylerites are well governed by their own laws, paying tribute to the Persian king.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 111Newly conquered provinces need a ruler with understanding to govern and valour to defend against novelty.read · scan
Captain Walter Bigges, Drake's Great ArmadaVol. 33
- p. 230–232The governor disclaims power to make war, being a mean subject who follows the king's commands.read · scan
- p. 256Spanish king keeps garrisons and a governor to bar other nations from the coast; English governor Lane at Roanoac.read · scan
Edward Haies, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage to NewfoundlandVol. 33
- p. 263Haies laments that England has not planted a Christian habitation and settled government in northern America, unlike French attempts.read · scan
- p. 278Gilbert shows his commission from the Queen and takes possession, with merchants taking turns as admirals.read · scan
- p. 279He takes possession for the Queen and ordains government agreeable to English law for all who come.read · scan
- p. 280Obedience to Gilbert's possession and government is promised by the assembled multitude; English arms are erected.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Discovery of GuianaVol. 33
- p. 332Rival Spanish governors contest patents to conquer Guiana, becoming mortal enemies.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 85Government of a plantation should be in one man with counsel, martial law limited, and a temperate number of noble counsellors rather than merchants.read · scan
John Eliot, Eliot's Brief NarrativeVol. 43
- p. 140–142Natick is the chief town, seat of rulers and courts, where civil government began in 1650.read · scan
- p. 142Ahauton is chief ruler, loved more than feared but too lax; courts are held to punish sinners.read · scan
- p. 144–145Tahattawans was a strict yet gentle ruler of fifty in the civil order; the place now lacks a ruler.read · scan
- p. 145–146Eliot obtained a land grant from the General Court for settling the people.read · scan
John Milton, Paradise LostVol. 4
- p. 297–300Satan appoints Sin and Death as plenipotent substitutes to rule the earth and Man.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 316Penn's dealings with kings and struggle to keep his province from becoming a crown colony.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 75–76A Quaker is raised to sovereignty over a province in payment of Crown debt.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 41–42Keith was a good governor for the people though he disregarded the proprietaries' instructions; several good laws were his.read · scan
- p. 123–124Franklin becomes deputy postmaster-general, improving the office's revenue and serving as Pennsylvania commissioner at Albany.read · scan
- p. 126A new governor is warned of dispute with the Assembly; the governor and House remain in continual contention over administration.read · scan
- p. 127Hereditary proprietary governors and the Assembly quarrel over taxation and instructions; governors quit weary of the contest.read · scan
- p. 145Conflict between governor, proprietor and Assembly, with the proprietor accusing Franklin to the ministry; the governor treats it as lawyers' advocacy.read · scan
- p. 149–150Governor Denny tries to win Franklin's help in easing his administration against the Assembly's opposition to proprietary instructions.read · scan
- p. 150Assembly and proprietary governor dispute instructions; the Assembly petitions the king and makes Franklin its agent.read · scan
- p. 151Lord Loudoun mediates between governor and Assembly; the governor pleads his binding instructions.read · scan
- p. 159Franklin seeks counsel on proceedings and approaches the proprietaries before complaining to government.read · scan
- p. 161Assembly, governor, proprietaries and royal Council contend over powers of taxation and royal assent.read · scan
- p. 161–162Assembly, governor and proprietaries quarrel; governor is threatened for breach of instructions after passing the act.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 469–470Trader and sovereign are inconsistent characters; East India Company made bad sovereigns and, once sovereign, bad traders.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 282–283Orange reports the Regent's reserved manner and her weariness, suggesting the king may resolve on other measures.read · scan
- p. 283–284Egmont and Orange discuss the Regent's rule and how a new royal governor would fare, and whether the king could govern without the local nobles.read · scan
- p. 288–289The Regent resents a distant king who sends Alva and an army without asking, undermining her rule.read · scan
- p. 289–290The Regent's moderate governing achievements are discounted at a distance by the king's council.read · scan
- p. 290–291The Regent foresees being supplanted by Alva's ambiguous commissions and secret instructions, and her work destroyed.read · scan
- p. 307–308Alva and Egmont argue over how to keep order in the provinces, and Egmont says the Regent restored peace through prudence and persuasion.read · scan
- p. 311–312Egmont argues people prefer being governed by natives who share their notions of right; strangers ignorant of the country misgovern.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 468–470Gessler as viceroy asserts obedience to the emperor, dismissing the people's rights.read · scan
Ralph Waldo Emerson, English TraitsVol. 5
- p. 390–391English colonial rule rests on arts and ability, more just than kind, and wins no affection.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 21Book judges the East India Company's government as showing good intention towards subjects beyond other governments.read · scan
- p. 21–22James Mill, as East India Company official, drafted despatches embodying true principles of Indian administration and improving government of India.read · scan
- p. 152–154Mill's India House career, the East India Company's abolition, and his view of the change as folly.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 192–193Falklands contested by France, Spain and England, used as penal settlement, ruled by an unsupported British officer over rebels and murderers.read · scan
- p. 278–279Spanish government burnt Chacao's church to force inhabitants to migrate; now the patriot Chilean government rules, and its governor is miserably poor.read · scan
- p. 436Government's power to command forced labour opens roads throughout the colony.read · scan
- p. 488English administration brings prosperity through roads though it is unpopular with French residents.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 81Describes Monterey's governor-general, commandants and elected alcaldes, with the military ruling and no courts or jurisprudence.read · scan
- p. 165Administradores from Mexico, self-seeking strangers, replaced the priests and let the missions and trade decay; describes civil and military organization.read · scan
Annexation of the Hawaiian IslandsVol. 43
- p. 438–439Interim civil, judicial and military powers are vested in persons the President directs, until Congress provides government for the islands.read · scan
Convention Between the United States and the Republic of PanamaVol. 43
- p. 451–452US exercises sovereign power, rights and authority within the zone.read · scan
6c.Command aboard ship and in armies
See also: War and Peace 6c · Duty 6b
Aristophanes, The FrogsVol. 8
- p. 472–473Sailors now argue with captains and demagogues mislead the people of Athens.read · scan
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 371The centurion likens Jesus' authority to his own chain of command over soldiers and servant.read · scan
Sir Francis Drake, Sir Francis Drake RevivedVol. 33
- p. 147–148The company defers to the captain's judgment, having more desire to obey than skill to devise remedies.read · scan
- p. 148–149Drake orders the company's routine, alternating work and sport, and leaves his brother in charge.read · scan
Captain Walter Bigges, Drake's Great ArmadaVol. 33
- p. 237–238Orders for governing the army, with oaths acknowledging the Queen supreme Governor and obedience to the General and officers.read · scan
Francis Pretty, Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the WorldVol. 33
- p. 205Drake as commander speaks to the company, persuading them to unity and obedience.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The TempestVol. 46
- p. 436Stephano makes Caliban his subject and Trinculo lieutenant, threatening mutineers.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 448Army enforces the sovereign's law through remote provinces.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 341–342The report displays the principles on which the Assembly administers the military, a warning against imitating French martial policy.read · scan
- p. 342–343Army's obedience as instrument is required by nature of things; otherwise government degenerates.read · scan
- p. 345The army must be a mere instrument; the remedy of mixing with confederations undermines authority.read · scan
- p. 346Municipalities usurp authority over troops reserved to the monarch; the cure of disorder is itself disorder.read · scan
- p. 347With authority extinguished, no power coerces army or municipality; municipalities alternate as masters, servants or confederates of the military.read · scan
- p. 348Officers must be candidates, not commanders; the authority that nominates them becomes crucial.read · scan
- p. 349Divided nomination of officers between king and Assembly breeds faction and undermines army and government.read · scan
- p. 349–350Armies need real personal authority; they will not obey a captive king or a transient assembly of pleaders.read · scan
- p. 350Right to self-government as delegated rule is turned against military hierarchy.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 469–470Independent commanders and lack of unified authority make discipline impossible.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 10Captain's speech asserts absolute command: obey orders and do your duty, or suffer his harshness.read · scan
- p. 16Captain is lord paramount, accountable to none and obeyed without question; the chief mate acts as his prime minister.read · scan
- p. 16–17Hierarchy of command: second mate must enforce obedience yet is kept distant from the mate and works with the crew.read · scan
- p. 18Ship discipline: officers must keep every man at work and forbid talk at duty, closely watched.read · scan
- p. 24The captain's known power over officers and discipline against sleeping on watch.read · scan
- p. 25Captain deposes the sleeping second mate and lets the crew nominally choose a successor, though they must obey regardless.read · scan
- p. 62–63Ship's command in port: a severe captain and lenient mate breed friction, and the captain interferes and tightens control over the crew.read · scan
- p. 92Captain's severe discipline and the mate's leniency clash; severity breeds discontent and discontent provokes more severity aboard ship.read · scan
- p. 99Command aboard ship: captain quarrels with mate and cook; driving men makes them do less.read · scan
- p. 161Sailors praise a mate who knows his duty and makes all do theirs, and note the new captain's firm command.read · scan
- p. 177–179Strict discipline with good usage yields a contented crew, contrasted with the discontented crew of the Pilgrim.read · scan
- p. 180–181Chain of command from captain through mates orders the crew by regulation.read · scan
- p. 184Discusses authority aboard ship: a forceful mate keeps discipline, while a weak one leads the captain to interfere and causes quarrels.read · scan
- p. 264The captain claims arbitrary authority over an ordinary seaman.read · scan
- p. 303Ship's command and authority are questioned when the captain fails to act.read · scan
- p. 303–306The captain handles the crew mildly yet warns the carpenter of his power, restoring obedience.read · scan
- p. 329–330All power lies in the captain and officers hold authority at his will; opposition is wrong by the ship's articles.read · scan
- p. 358Ship needs one head and one voice; like any government it must vest extraordinary emergency powers in the captain, checked by accountability.read · scan
- p. 362–363A captain must retain power to hold discipline in terrorem to protect all under his charge.read · scan
- p. 371–372Religion makes the captain's authority more parental and softens relations between commander and crew.read · scan
- p. 372A captain's example and authority give character to the ship and all on board.read · scan
Frank Aretas Haskell, The Battle of GettysburgVol. 43
- p. 333Hancock's commanding presence, likened to a monarch whose subjects obey, restores order from chaos.read · scan
- p. 402–403Army's good leadership is called the condition of success; the President's credit-giving is questioned.read · scan
6d.Bureaucracy, centralization and local administration
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 87–88Amasis' district rulers receive yearly declarations of livelihood.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 434–435The twelve appoint seven men of good report to administer the daily distribution to neglected widows, so they may keep to prayer and the word.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 126–127Pontitianus holds high court office; agents for public affairs serve the Emperor.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 221–222The steward Tuidle rules seat, bed and food, deciding every quarrel in the household.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 183Syphogrants preside over halls of thirty families; stewards draw provisions; prince and bishop receive special regard.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 308Communities and governing authorities have duty to abolish harmful festivals without pope's consent.read · scan
- p. 323Turkish government without canon or civil law is said to be better than German government burdened with both.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 230Each see has the privilege of a city and its own jurisdiction under ecclesiastical rule.read · scan
Francis Bacon, The New AtlantisVol. 3
- p. 162–163The governor assists the Tirsan and enforces his decrees by public authority, though disobedience is rare.read · scan
- p. 169–170The Father of Salomon's House enters the city in secret state, with governor and officers attending.read · scan
John Milton, AreopagiticaVol. 3
- p. 231Milton discusses regulating the press by registration of printer and author names as Parliament's earlier order.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 114He serves as justice, alderman and burgess in the city and provincial government.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 456Local and provincial administration of local works is better and cheaper than management by the central executive; abuses are smaller and more easily corrected.read · scan
- p. 485–486Continual attention to every farm is unsuitable to the nature of government, and remedies rest on arbitrary discretion of the intendant.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 271Nobles did not administer the revenue or police, the most grievous parts of French government.read · scan
- p. 328Paris's supremacy commands the legislative and executive government while other divisions are torn apart and made unable to confederate.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 235–236New Brig defends magistrates and mocks council's ignorant pomp.read · scan
Friedrich von Schiller, Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of ManVol. 32
- p. 222–223Governing authorities classify and simplify citizens and lose sight of humanity, confounding it with an artificial creation.read · scan
- p. 223Public affairs, restricted by formulas, lost sight of the life and liberty of the whole, and the statesman grows narrow-hearted.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 120Centralization versus local self-government, with the Poor Law Reform defended against anti-centralization prejudice.read · scan
- p. 120–122Mill steers between the errors of excess and lack of centralization, studying how to reconcile their advantages.read · scan
- p. 163Combining complete popular control over public affairs with skilled agency is the great problem of modern political organization.read · scan
- p. 175He sought municipal government for the metropolis.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, On LibertyVol. 25
- p. 307Adding functions to government increases its power and makes ambitious people dependents; an efficient bureaucracy heightens the danger.read · scan
- p. 307A bureaucracy monopolizing talent and organized business stifles public criticism and blocks reform, as in Russia.read · scan
- p. 309Bureaucratic government organizes national ability into a disciplined body ruling the rest.read · scan
- p. 310Proposes greatest dissemination of power consistent with efficiency, with centralized information and local officers under central superintendence.read · scan
- p. 310Government should inform and stimulate individual exertion, not substitute its activity; central authority enforces laws through tribunals or constituencies.read · scan
Treaty with Great Britain (1814)Vol. 43
- p. 262Administrative arrangements for boards: secretaries, surveyors, reports delivered to each government's agents, replacement of commissioners.read · scan
Treaty with Great Britain (1842)Vol. 43
- p. 286Governments appoint commissioners to mark the boundary and report jointly; presidential appointment with Senate consent.read · scan
Fugitive Slave ActVol. 43
- p. 306–307Congress assigns judicial commissioners with magistrates' powers, extended to territories.read · scan
- p. 307Federal officers empowered to appoint deputies and summon the posse comitatus to enforce the act.read · scan
- p. 311Officers may employ persons at federal Treasury expense to enforce arrests.read · scan
Convention Between the United States and the Republic of PanamaVol. 43
- p. 456Official Panamanian dispatches carried over canal telegraph lines at official rates.read · scan
6e.Administrative failure and helplessness
See also: Law 8b · Punishment 3c · Revolution 5b · Wealth 10f
Euripides, The BacchaeVol. 8
- p. 377–378The king uses soldiers to arrest worshippers and restore civic order.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 433High priest and council seek to enforce a ban, but fear the people and avoid violence.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 209–210A third of Ireland's men are reavers; the king could drive them out but they return.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 26–27King and marshals cannot control the advancing host; the disorder shows failed command.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, Preface to the History of the WorldVol. 39
- p. 77–79No commonwealth lacks grievances; kings cannot examine every man's cause or relieve every want.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 233–236Goneril complains of disorder in her court and demands a reduction of his train as remedy.read · scan
- p. 306Dispute over command and authority among Albany, Edmund and the sisters after victory.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The TempestVol. 46
- p. 397–398The boatswain tells Gonzalo to use his authority to silence the elements, showing rank powerless against the storm.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 131Dissension between governor and Assembly left money unprovided for the army's needs.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 356With no principle of obedience left, municipalities like Lyons may refuse taxes; the Assembly can only send troops.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 259–260The Regent frets over how to answer the king, defending her mild policy and reporting the unrest; rulers are driven by events.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 10Spanish governor of Milan rules by decree, resolved to be obeyed.read · scan
- p. 11–12Grand titles of governors contrasted ironically with their inability to enforce order.read · scan
- p. 12–13Governors preoccupied with foreign intrigues against Henry IV rather than domestic order.read · scan
- p. 16Successive governments' proclamations attest only their impotence.read · scan
- p. 127–128The constable demands help and obedience from the crowd, sending for aid from Lecco, but has little authority.read · scan
- p. 197–198The Spanish High Chancellor, substituting for the governor, rules by decree, stubbornly refusing to see his mistake.read · scan
- p. 198–199Officials fix bread prices by council after Ferrer's edict; governor distracted by war delegates the remedy, showing administrative expediency.read · scan
- p. 201The sheriff and halberdiers attempt to keep order, invoking fear of God and the King, without effect.read · scan
- p. 202–203Authority's words prove powerless against the crowd's cries; a stone ends the sheriff's appeal.read · scan
- p. 204–205Police keep at a distance and only deter smaller riots by force, while impunity draws numbers.read · scan
- p. 214The high chancellor comes to quell the outbreak he helped cause by his mistakes and obstinacy.read · scan
- p. 223–224Ferrer frets over how the Spanish governor, the Count-Duke and the King will react to the tumult and the unsurrendered Casale.read · scan
- p. 234Renzo mocks rulers' passion for pen, ink and paper; a gamester jokes they must use up the quills of the geese they eat.read · scan
- p. 244Talk of superintendent, governor and Spain is dangerous; the innkeeper resents Renzo bringing trouble with a sheriff.read · scan
- p. 245Authorities order bread baked, corn sent, soldiers and nobles posted to quell tumult and confirm power.read · scan
- p. 315Public authority is so weak that a private man supplies arbitration and redress.read · scan
- p. 450Ferrer's proclamations forbid buying flour, order informing and command bakers under galley penalties, absurdly unenforceable administrative decrees.read · scan
- p. 451Officials decree control of rice supplies and fixed prices, with penalties varying by the offender's rank, showing arbitrary administration.read · scan
- p. 468–469Board's president obstructs sensible regulation; the governor Gonzalo is recalled after the failed war and a successor is sent.read · scan
- p. 502–503The Board of Health responds with delay, commissions and hasty orders, aware of its insufficiency.read · scan
- p. 504–505Magistrates and the Board are dilatory; the warrants take weeks to complete and publish while the plague enters Milan.read · scan
- p. 515Board of Health omits its rational conjecture from the edict, out of obsequiousness to popular prejudice.read · scan
- p. 518–519Council appeals to the governor for relief; Spinola offers only condolences and hands authority to Ferrer to attend the war.read · scan
- p. 521–522Board of Health orders precautions, shutting gates and nailing up condemned houses, that show apprehension without obviating danger.read · scan
- p. 524–525The Decurioni and Board of Health strain to appoint officers and provide for public needs, failing for lack of means.read · scan
- p. 525–526Magistrates and Board of Health are helpless; the Governor gives no aid because the war takes priority, and burial of the dead stalls.read · scan
- p. 561–562Arbitrary powers given to district deputies during the plague; officials' extravagant, inefficacious measures.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 354Soldiers posted at sluices to ration each estate's water allowance.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 188–189Britons are brave in war but poor at governing justly and prudently in peace.read · scan
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