Justice
‹ 5 · Outline · 7 ›
6.The administration of justice: judges and courts
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 495Canon says a lord must administer justice, dealing justly and judging rightly, or means and ends will err.read · scan
6a.Impartiality and incorruptibility of the judge
See also: Judgment 7a · Law 9a · Government 6a · Friendship 8b
Homer, The OdysseyVol. 22
- p. 260The good king maintains right and the land prospers, while the wooers wrongfully devour the house against her will.read · scan
Confucius, The Sayings of ConfuciusVol. 44
- p. 67A ruler's justice made men glad.read · scan
Aeschylus, The FuriesVol. 8
- p. 149–150Judges are told to give a pure and just award under oath; the court's purity is compared to a spring.read · scan
- p. 151–152The Furies threaten to haunt the land if justice fails them, while the judges are bidden to vote by oath.read · scan
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 267–269King's strength loves justice; God establishes equity; ruler's resolve to sing of lovingkindness and justice.read · scan
Herodotus, An Account of EgyptVol. 33
- p. 64Mykerinos gives juster decisions than all other kings and compensates from his own goods any man who complains.read · scan
- p. 80Egyptian sages say the Eleians' Olympic rules are unjust since judges favour their own citizens; only strangers should compete.read · scan
Plato, The Apology of SocratesVol. 2
- p. 5Asks the court to attend to the justice of his cause; judge must decide justly, speaker speak truly.read · scan
- p. 22–24Justice must be informed and convinced, not procured by entreaty.read · scan
Buddhist WritingsVol. 45
- p. 678–679King sides with the injured villagers against the excuse of a different fire.read · scan
- p. 679–680The king judges in favor of the first suitor and the cowherd, by descent of the later from the former.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Letters of CiceroVol. 9
- p. 132–133Admires the justice of the governor's conduct toward the tax-farmers, though it antagonizes that order.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 462–463Proconsul Gallio would hear wrong or villainy but dismisses religious quarrels from his judgment-seat.read · scan
Plutarch, AristidesVol. 12
- p. 81Aristides upholds justice against friendship, favor, wrath and malice, even pleading for a hearing for his enemy.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 222As quaestor his care, justice and clemency win the Sicilians' honor, and he defends young Romans accused of misconduct.read · scan
- p. 222Cicero prosecutes Verres, corrupt governor of Sicily, refusing fees and gifts, and secures condemnation by witnesses rather than speeches.read · scan
- p. 224As praetor he manages the courts with justice and integrity.read · scan
- p. 224–225Cicero as praetor conducts trials with equity and humanity; Licinius Macer is condemned and dies, showing careful management of the courts.read · scan
Plutarch, AntonyVol. 12
- p. 337–338In Greece Antony is at first moderate and equitable in judicial matters.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 260–261Pliny arbitrates whether Curianus was justly disinherited, weighing the mother's reasons and ruling for the deceased.read · scan
- p. 294The emperor sits in judgment with wisdom, acquitting an innocent nobleman and trying adultery and forgery cases fairly.read · scan
- p. 338–340Quietus argues it is unjust to refuse hearing the complaints of the injured; the cause's merit, not rank, matters.read · scan
Saint Augustine, The Confessions of St. AugustineVol. 7
- p. 91–92As assessor, Alypius refuses to allow an unlawful favor to a powerful senator, preferring equity to gain.read · scan
Chapters from the KoranVol. 45
- p. 981–982Believers must be steadfast in justice, witnessing even against themselves or kin, without partiality.read · scan
- p. 995–996Believers must stand as witnesses with justice and equity, not letting ill-will make them unfair.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 5Shahriyar governs so justly that his subjects love him.read · scan
- p. 189–190The young man is judged unjustly treated by the barber, who is then confined.read · scan
- p. 289By the king's justice and good government there is no judge needed and people distinguish truth from falsehood.read · scan
- p. 319–320She ruled with equity and acted impartially toward subjects.read · scan
- p. 337Bedr Basim judges the people, displacing the tyrannical and installing the just.read · scan
- p. 337–339The young king judges equitably between strong and weak, exacting the poor man's due from the emir, and is loved for it.read · scan
- p. 424Ala-ed-Din administers justice to his subjects as king.read · scan
Sir Thomas More, UtopiaVol. 36
- p. 210–213Avarice and favour in judgments break justice, the surest bond of a commonwealth; foreign magistrates are incorruptible.read · scan
William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas MoreVol. 36
- p. 103More is charged to minister impartial justice without corruption, and refuses gain from access to the Chancellor's office, unlike Wolsey's servants.read · scan
- p. 103More would give even the devil his right if the cause were good, even over his own father; he decrees against son-in-law Heron.read · scan
- p. 114More answers the bribery charge over the cup and refuses gifts from litigants, showing incorruptible judging in Chancery.read · scan
- p. 114More refuses gifts from suitors with cases in Chancery, returning better value, to prove clearness from corruption.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 385Cellini calls the Duke a prince renowned for justice while urging Michelangelo to return.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 79In the golden age justice was unperverted by favour or profit; no bribed judges, since none were needed.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 28Warns against respecting persons and bribery, urging integrity and avoiding even suspicion of corruption.read · scan
- p. 119–120Every suit has a right in equity or desert; favor should not push the wrong side or wrong the more deserving.read · scan
- p. 129–130Integrity is the judge's proper virtue; the unjust judge who misdefines property is the worst remover of landmarks.read · scan
- p. 131A judge's principal duty is to suppress force and fraud and to make inequality equal between parties; injustice and delays embitter judgment.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 410–411Equity gives each party equal benefit, so one party cannot be sole judge.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 37Magistrates rely on show because they have only imaginary knowledge of justice.read · scan
- p. 314–315Hopes a Pope will consult antiquity to do justice.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 350–351Prince just in great things and humoring in small keeps loyalty.read · scan
- p. 351–352Private passions must not lead to public injury.read · scan
- p. 355–356Magistrate must be impartial, not swayed by compassion, fear, profit or prejudice, even toward poor or rich.read · scan
- p. 356Justice is blind and impartial, one scale for rich and poor, judging the cause not the person.read · scan
The Instrument of GovernmentVol. 43
- p. 116–117The Protector swears that law and justice be equally administered; councillors act impartially, free of favour or reward.read · scan
Voltaire, Letters on the EnglishVol. 34
- p. 99Bacon convicted of bribery and extortion, fined and stripped of office by the Lords.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 197No man should be judge in his own cause.read · scan
- p. 341To seem just, the tribunal must not take its own members' causes at pleasure, nor sit in Paris.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Letter to a Noble LordVol. 24
- p. 396–397Burke complains of partiality in attacks only on him, in revolutionary style.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 470–471Armgart demands justice for her imprisoned husband, reminding Gessler he is judge and must do his duty as he hopes for justice from Heaven.read · scan
Thomas Carlyle, Sir Walter ScottVol. 25
- p. 428–429Braxfield tries and sentences his former host, showing brutal humour and coolness in the office of judge.read · scan
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, MontaigneVol. 32
- p. 111–112Impartially judges his own party and adversaries, saying of each that one deed was done wickedly, another virtuously.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 78–79Rosas applies penalty impartially to himself and his steward, delighting Gauchos who prize equality.read · scan
6b.Patience, hearing and speed
Luke, The Gospel According to LukeVol. 44
- p. 400–401Unjust judge yields to a persistent widow; God will surely avenge his elect speedily.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 278A judge's first duty is patience, part of justice; hearing too much is better than too little.read · scan
- p. 388–389Pliny weighs allegations on both sides before deciding, referring a case with conflicting grants to the emperor.read · scan
- p. 389–390Pliny sends both parties' memorials so the emperor may decide by hearing each side.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 112The Khalifeh promises to examine the beaten lady's case and avenge her if her truth is established, even against his kin.read · scan
- p. 112The Khalifeh questions his son, restores the wronged wife with property and a rebuilt house, and provides for the others.read · scan
- p. 119The Wali's judgement is referred to the King, who hears all the confessors before ruling.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, PurgatoryVol. 20
- p. 183Trajan halts his march to render justice to a widow whose son was murdered; duty and pity move him.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 308Cellini demands justice from the judge and threatens to appeal to the King against his lieutenant.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 176–177Guards refuse explanation; sentences registered in processes, speedily concluded in flagrante.read · scan
Sir Walter Raleigh, PoemsVol. 40
- p. 205–207Justice is charged with delay and law with contention.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 132Patient, grave hearing is an essential part of justice; judges should not overspeak, cut off evidence or favor advocates.read · scan
Pierre Corneille, PolyeucteVol. 26
- p. 117–119Felix says justice delayed is not justice, and the vengeful mob will usurp her place.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 355To delay justice is injustice; not to come at a right differs little from not having it.read · scan
Benjamin Franklin, His AutobiographyVol. 1
- p. 160The proprietaries and their solicitor answer the Assembly's complaints with delay and a flimsy justification, impugning Franklin's candour.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 467–468Armgart waits to petition Gessler for her husband.read · scan
6c.Corrupt and partial courts
The Book of PsalmsVol. 44
- p. 212–214Unjust judges are denounced, and the righteous will rejoice at vengeance, saying there is a God who judges the earth.read · scan
- p. 246–247Judges are rebuked for judging unjustly and favoring the wicked; they must defend the poor, fatherless and afflicted.read · scan
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Letters of CiceroVol. 9
- p. 97Milo's trial is disrupted by Clodius's ruffians, who shout down Pompey.read · scan
- p. 115Prosecutions of Gabinius and Cato for treason and extortion, with doubt about the corrupt state of the law courts.read · scan
Luke, The Acts of the ApostlesVol. 44
- p. 476–477Paul argues accusers cannot prove charges; Felix delays, hopes for a bribe, and leaves Paul bound to please the Jews.read · scan
- p. 477–478Festus demands accusers present proof; charges are unprovable, yet he seeks favor with the Jews.read · scan
Plutarch, ThemistoclesVol. 12
- p. 9He tells Simonides that a magistrate who made false law for favor is no better than a poet writing false measure.read · scan
Plutarch, CoriolanusVol. 12
- p. 158Bribing of judges at Rome and Athens corrupted courts.read · scan
Plutarch, DemosthenesVol. 12
- p. 194–195He sued his guardians and won but recovered almost none of his patrimony.read · scan
- p. 199–200Demosthenes drops his prosecution of Midias, wealthy and well-connected, showing money's power to shield wrongdoers from redress.read · scan
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 241Clodius is tried for sacrilege; judges intimidated and bribed acquit him despite evidence, and Cicero mocks their venality.read · scan
Plutarch, CaesarVol. 12
- p. 271Judges, fearing the multitude, corrupt the trial; senators and people clash over Clodius and he escapes.read · scan
- p. 271–272Judges write illegible verdicts to avoid offending people or nobility, so Clodius escapes.read · scan
Epictetus, The Golden Sayings of EpictetusVol. 2
- p. 135Heraclitus tells judges they are on trial, not he, in his suit.read · scan
The Destruction of Dá Derga's HostelVol. 49
- p. 204–205Conaire declines to punish his foster-brothers' thefts, and orders sons of lords to be slain while sparing his fosterlings.read · scan
- p. 205–206The king's partial judgment favouring his fosterlings leads to disorder and to Ingcel's slaughter of his own kin.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 173–174The Wali rewards the informer and banishes the rest, an arbitrary justice that favors the cunning.read · scan
- p. 184The corrupt Wali takes most of the plunder and threatens to hang the brother; robbers then strip and maim him.read · scan
- p. 205–207The ruined Wezir falsely cries 'I am oppressed' to the Sultan, seeking redress after being beaten.read · scan
Dante Alighieri, HellVol. 20
- p. 96Their iniquitous administration destroyed the Uberti quarter.read · scan
Jean Froissart, The Chronicles of FroissartVol. 35
- p. 60–62The commons complain they cannot obtain right.read · scan
Traditional BalladsVol. 40
- p. 140–142Abbot and the bribed justice conspire to dispossess the knight; the sheriff refuses help.read · scan
- p. 142–144The abbot and justice corruptly try to seize the land; the knight pays the debt and exposes their greed.read · scan
- p. 161–163The abbot and high justice tried to take the knight's land wrongly; he helped a poor yeoman wronged.read · scan
Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationVol. 36
- p. 285Justice has become purchasable; one must pay for the right to commit villainies.read · scan
- p. 290Roman judges ignorant of foreign customs pervert cases, causing injustice and expense.read · scan
- p. 291Roman court officials, paid by presents, sell justice and injustice, heeding only money, not right and wrong.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 29Cellini is reprimanded by magistrates who favored his adversaries' private lobbying; he trusted the goodness of his cause, and the judge Prinzivalle defends him fairly.read · scan
- p. 123–124Cellini refuses to believe a Vicar of Christ could commit an unjust act until he sees it.read · scan
- p. 225–226Pier Luigi urges the Pope not to free Cellini; Cellini promises a truthful version of the affair.read · scan
- p. 231The Duchess mocks the fine justice of God's Vicar in Rome, and the officer renounces pronouncing the sentence.read · scan
- p. 232–233He denounces the Pope and Cardinal as having scratched the face of the most sacred laws by selling him for a bishopric.read · scan
- p. 247–248Antonio, though not party to the plot, passes it over on suspecting the Pope is behind it.read · scan
- p. 302Cellini calls the corrupt lawsuits and perjured witnesses a disgraceful breach of justice; the court compared to hell.read · scan
- p. 308–309Cellini triumphs in a legal encounter, shouting for the stake while the cowardly judge yields to soft words; a rivalry over the Colossus commission begins.read · scan
- p. 428–429Magistrates rule for Cellini against Sbietta, but a rich citizen's influence blocks judgment; he is wronged despite contracts and witnesses.read · scan
- p. 431Cellini denounces a counsellor's bribery as wrong to sacred justice, yet accepts a settlement to avoid a lawsuit.read · scan
William Harrison, A Description of Elizabethan EnglandVol. 35
- p. 244Buyers' relief is neglected in favour of sellers; magistrates fail in right and duty.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 180He was condemned for lack of favour and money.read · scan
Francis Bacon, Essays, Civil and MoralVol. 3
- p. 133Justice is hallowed and cannot bear fruit amid corrupt clerks and officers; four bad instruments of courts are named.read · scan
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King LearVol. 46
- p. 274Mad Lear stages a mock trial of Goneril and Regan; Edgar and the Fool as judges; justice in delusion.read · scan
- p. 277–278Cornwall says power will 'do a courtesy to our wrath' beyond due form of justice; cruelty replaces law.read · scan
- p. 293Mad Lear pardons adultery, denouncing hypocrite dames and the moral corruption underlying judgments.read · scan
- p. 293Lear says justice and thief are interchangeable; robes hide sin while rags expose it, and the strong lance of justice breaks against gold.read · scan
John Webster, The Duchess of MalfiVol. 47
- p. 759Ferdinand perverts law, condemning by information and rewarding by hearsay; law is a spider's web.read · scan
- p. 772–773Satire on judges who hang or spare prisoners by a smile or frown rather than law.read · scan
Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old DebtsVol. 47
- p. 866–867Furnace says Justice Greedy holds that who eats not well can ne'er do justice well, mocking the greedy magistrate.read · scan
- p. 876Overreach corrupts a justice by bribing his belly and schemes to ruin a neighbour by suits; scorns doing right to others.read · scan
- p. 895–896Greedy puns that stuffing his belly is 'pure justice', mocking the justice of peace.read · scan
- p. 920Greedy, bribed by Tapwell then turned by Wellborn, corruptly revokes the alehouse license; Wellborn calls on him to do him justice.read · scan
Thomas Hobbes, Of Man, Being the First Part of LeviathanVol. 34
- p. 385When Samuel's sons judged unjustly, Israel's faith failed and they rejected God as king.read · scan
Abraham Cowley, Of AgricultureVol. 27
- p. 66–67Hesiod's brother Perses cheated him of half his estate through bribing great men.read · scan
Molière, Tartuffe, or The HypocriteVol. 26
- p. 287–289Loyal claims Orgon would not question justice while the legal process robs him; law is turned to injustice.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 299Accuses Jesuits of arranging religion at will for friends or against enemies.read · scan
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's ProgressVol. 15
- p. 100–101Jury of vices (Malice, Cruelty, Liar) convicts Faithful from hatred, a perversion of judgment.read · scan
William Penn, More Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 388Legal cut-purses in Westminster Hall advance injustice to oppression.read · scan
John Woolman, The Journal of John WoolmanVol. 1
- p. 206Cites Isaiah and Jeremiah: none calls for justice or seeks truth.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 338Dependent elective judges will not do justice to strangers, the rich, minorities or losing candidates; ballots breed suspicion and partiality.read · scan
- p. 338–339Judges at Chatelet try under guard, not knowing what law applies, and are perhaps forced to condemn on peril of their lives.read · scan
Edmund Burke, A Letter to a Noble LordVol. 24
- p. 401–402Grants derived from judgments iniquitously legal, with the gibbet at the door of the owners.read · scan
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm, or The Soldier's FortuneVol. 26
- p. 346–347Minister says the king, not an honest man, should bear losses; Tellheim's case turns on favour.read · scan
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, EgmontVol. 19
- p. 300–301Vansen describes courts where the rogue prevails and innocent men are convicted by twisted cross-examination; Jetter answers that Egmont can be tried only by his peers.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 212–213Legal thieving and abuse of the poor pass under sound beliefread · scan
- p. 291–293Justice, vicegerent of God, sinks in woe at the loss of a judge while Oppression, Fraud and Litigation prey on the poor.read · scan
- p. 520–522Satirical jibes at the sheriff and Dame Justice, and the devil getting no justice.read · scan
Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed)Vol. 21
- p. 45The lawyer's cynicism shows justice corrupted; outcomes depend on the rank of the parties and on payment, not right.read · scan
- p. 46–47Renzo comes to seek justice against the wrong done him, but the lawyer will not hear him.read · scan
- p. 72–73The Podesta, whose job is to administer justice, sits deferential at the oppressor's table.read · scan
- p. 180Rodrigo has the constable warned to keep silent, evading legal accountability.read · scan
- p. 181–182Rodrigo laughs at justice, relying on lack of proof and a silenced constable; the Podesta must be managed.read · scan
- p. 315–317Don Rodrigo keeps a hand on the scales of justice to tilt them to his favour.read · scan
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household TalesVol. 17
- p. 180The King's verdict awards the foal to the ox-owner, an unjust ruling that the wronged peasant seeks to reverse through the Queen's ruse.read · scan
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The CenciVol. 18
- p. 273–275The Pope sold pardons to Cenci and executed his victims for revenue, not love of justice.read · scan
- p. 301The petition is unanswered; gold has bought the Pope's silence, so redress is denied.read · scan
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the BeagleVol. 29
- p. 80–81A murderer released after a week because his victim slighted the general shows perverted justice.read · scan
- p. 161–162Chief Justice accepts a bribe to arrest a man; justice is hardly expected where gold is involved.read · scan
- p. 366–367Robbers who plundered churches were freed because useful as workmen; later thefts led to mob rage.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 364–365Appeals for mitigated sentences from captains' good character and poverty work greater hardship on seamen than anything else in law.read · scan
- p. 365–366Pleas of family dependence and good character unjustly weigh against the sailors' testimony and shield guilty captains.read · scan
- p. 367–368Dana objects that courts, moved by pleas of the captain's shore conduct and family, reduce penalties on masters convicted of abusing seamen.read · scan
Walter Bagehot, John MiltonVol. 28
- p. 188Justice was delayed, then denied; spite and favor decided all under the new magistracy.read · scan
6d.The cost and organization of the judicature
Plutarch, CiceroVol. 12
- p. 246Milo's trial for murder is guarded by Pompey's troops to secure the courts; Cicero annuls Clodius's tribunician acts as illegal.read · scan
Tacitus, GermanyVol. 33
- p. 99–100Chiefs administer justice in villages with a hundred assistants from the people; fines shared with victim.read · scan
Pliny the Younger, Letters of PlinyVol. 9
- p. 195–197Judging cases, explaining laws and administering justice are presented as honourable but troublesome public duties.read · scan
- p. 277Praetor Nepos's reform keeps the legal profession from sordid traffic; opinion judges actions by success.read · scan
- p. 314–315Pliny and Senecio prosecute Massa on behalf of the province, then petition against dissipation of his seized effects.read · scan
- p. 356Trajan's power exerted toward godlike purposes of justice and benevolence.read · scan
- p. 364Investigation aims to correct abuses of public money.read · scan
- p. 379Trajan wants to find whose misconduct wasted funds, lest they be applied to private purposes.read · scan
Stories from the Thousand and One NightsVol. 16
- p. 160The barber demands the Kadi produce the youth or face judgment by the Caliph.read · scan
Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto CelliniVol. 31
- p. 207King Francis claims Cellini, asserting justice in his realm, while the Pope slanders him and keeps him imprisoned.read · scan
- p. 248–249Cellini is charged prison costs despite the late castellan's remission; his liberation comes from favour rather than right.read · scan
Miguel de Cervantes, The History of Don Quixote of the Mancha, Part IVol. 14
- p. 123An officer of the Holy Brotherhood arrives to apprehend delinquents, wrongly supposing Quixote slain, while the innkeeper punishes his maid.read · scan
- p. 458The officers act as arbiters between Sancho and barber, settling the quarrel by exchange of pannels.read · scan
Captain Walter Bigges, Drake's Great ArmadaVol. 33
- p. 253–254Orders, laws and course of justice were set down and duly administered in the fleet.read · scan
John Milton, Tractate on EducationVol. 3
- p. 237Law students are never taught contemplation of justice and equity, only litigious fees.read · scan
Blaise Pascal, ThoughtsVol. 48
- p. 306–307Jurisdiction exists for the litigant, not the judge; dangerous to tell people.read · scan
The Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutVol. 43
- p. 64–65Officers swear to further the execution of justice according to the righteous rule of God's word.read · scan
William Penn, Some Fruits of SolitudeVol. 1
- p. 350Happy the king great by justice; a just ruler may be strict.read · scan
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarVol. 34
- p. 302–304A good pastor is a minister of goodness as a magistrate is of justice.read · scan
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsVol. 10
- p. 160Defective administration of justice in the colonies is noted as a drawback to investment there.read · scan
- p. 445Protecting members of society from one another's injustice is a sovereign duty.read · scan
- p. 450–451Administration of justice is a sovereign duty; fees, judges' salaries and preventing corruption of justice discussed.read · scan
- p. 451Proposes court fees paid to judges after decision to fund justice without corruption and to encourage diligence.read · scan
- p. 452–453Stamp-duty could fund the administration of justice but tempts judges to multiply proceedings.read · scan
- p. 465–466Costs of administering justice may be borne by litigants through court fees, since those whose injustice or rights occasion them benefit; local expenses should fall locally.read · scan
- p. 466Assigning costs to the immediate beneficiaries, like travellers through tolls, is presented as fair and free of injustice.read · scan
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in FranceVol. 24
- p. 330The king appoints no judges, has no power of pardon or mitigation, yet bears all that is odious in justice.read · scan
- p. 337Supreme power should have a judicature independent of it, balancing it and giving security to justice against power.read · scan
John Marshall, Opinion of Chief Justice Marshall in the Case of McCulloch vs. the State of MarylandVol. 43
- p. 219Punishing offences against court records and perjury is conducive to the due administration of justice.read · scan
Robert Burns, Poems and SongsVol. 6
- p. 145–147Barley brew settles neighbors' quarrels, the cheapest lawyer's fee.read · scan
Friedrich Schiller, William TellVol. 26
- p. 402–403Controversies decided by sages; native judges only; satisfaction for injuries.read · scan
- p. 477–480Furst hopes for justice under the newly chosen emperor.read · scan
The Mecklenburg Declaration of IndependenceVol. 43
- p. 157Committee-men as justices of the peace hear and determine controversies under adopted laws.read · scan
Articles of ConfederationVol. 43
- p. 159–160Fugitives from justice are delivered up; full faith given to other states' judicial proceedings.read · scan
Constitution of the United StatesVol. 43
- p. 180Establishing justice is named among the ends of the Constitution.read · scan
- p. 189–190Jury trial of crimes and judges' secure tenure and salary.read · scan
John Stuart Mill, AutobiographyVol. 25
- p. 58The Chronicle criticized the administration of justice in paid and unpaid courts.read · scan
Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the MastVol. 23
- p. 359Courts must balance supporting discipline and dealing justly by the captain against sailors' well-founded complaints.read · scan
‹ 5 · Outline · 7 ›